Try Out Bahasa Inggris 13 SNBT 2025

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
161. The pronou n which in line 4 refers to …

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
162. The word meticulous in line 19 is closest in
meaning to …

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
163. What appreciation did Florence Nightingale get
for all her effort in nursing?

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
164. Why did the role of nurse have poor reputation
at that time?

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
165. What is the subject of the passage?

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
166. Which of the following is INCORRECT about
Florence Nightingale?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
167. What can be compared between Ether and
Nitrous Oxide?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
168. Which of the following is INCORRECT about
nitrous oxide?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
169. What is the main idea of the passage above?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
170. lt can be inferred from the passage that the
example of minor surgery is …

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
171. The pronoun his in line 18 refers to …

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
172. The phrase put up with in line 7 has the closest
meaning with …

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
173. According to the passage, what was the people
outside Asia used to reduce the pain?

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
174. The word designated in line 7 has the same
meaning with …

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
175. According to the passage, what is correct about
red supergiants?

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
176. The term ‘blue supergiants’ is used for the
superstars which …

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
177. The word luminosity in line 5 is closest in
meaning to ….

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
178. Which of the following is NOT regarded as red
supergiants?

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
179. The word it in line 9 refers to …

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
180. Paragraph 1 in the passage discusses about …