Penulis: Suslov Ganteng

Milllennials are often maligned for their constant technology use and obsession with the social approval signaled by likes shares, and retweets. But organizations need to start recognizing the benefits of such behavior and harnessing it. This generational cohort will, by some estimates, account for nearly 75% of the workforce by 2025. And, according to a recent Delloite survey of 7800 people from 29 countries, only 28% of currently employed Milllennials feel their companies are fully using their skills. How can smart leaders better leverage their talents of these future leaders?

First, social sharing, euroscientists have shown that any kind of positive personal interaction lights up a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, which stimulates the production of oxytocin, “the feelgood hormone”. Milllennials, who gave grown up interacting online, are able to get that same high, more often, through technology, by posting, messaging, forwarding and favouriting multiple times a day. They crave that connection and are therefore natural team players.

Second, constant, complex data flow. Research tells us that multitasking is impossible, people can only do two things at once if one of those things is routine. Also, those who regularly use multiple forms of media are more prone to distraction tha those who do not. But, according to Nielson Neurofocus, EEG readings suggest that younger brains have higher multi-sensory processing capacity than older ones and are most stimulated – that it is more engaged with and more likely to pay attention to and remember – dynamic messages. Milllennials probably aren’t more effective multitaskers, in the strict sense of the world, but, in their current stage of brain development, they seem better able to tolerate and integrate multiple streams of information.

Angela Ahrendts, the former CEO of Burberry, recognized that she could turn these two hallmarks of Millennials behavior into an asset for the fashion brand. In 2006, she hired a large number of “digital natives”, as she called them, to do what they do best, socialize through technology. As she explains, they created an expansive digital platform, which transformed the company’s image and dramatically accelerated its growth. One highlight was “Tweet Walk”, which turned Burberry’s traditional runway show into a live web broadcast.

While Baby Boomers might see phones, tablets, and other devices as distractions, Milllennials use them to collaborate and innovate in real time. While Gen-Xers may view aggressive social sharing as an unhealthy mix of the personal and professional, Milllennials see it as an away to gather input and learn from others. Milllennials understand, embrace and are evolving with our exponentially expanding digital world. Instead of judging their behavior, we need to better leverage it. Adapted from http://hbr.org/
161. What is the main idea of the passage?

Milllennials are often maligned for their constant technology use and obsession with the social approval signaled by likes shares, and retweets. But organizations need to start recognizing the benefits of such behavior and harnessing it. This generational cohort will, by some estimates, account for nearly 75% of the workforce by 2025. And, according to a recent Delloite survey of 7800 people from 29 countries, only 28% of currently employed Milllennials feel their companies are fully using their skills. How can smart leaders better leverage their talents of these future leaders?

First, social sharing, euroscientists have shown that any kind of positive personal interaction lights up a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, which stimulates the production of oxytocin, “the feelgood hormone”. Milllennials, who gave grown up interacting online, are able to get that same high, more often, through technology, by posting, messaging, forwarding and favouriting multiple times a day. They crave that connection and are therefore natural team players.

Second, constant, complex data flow. Research tells us that multitasking is impossible, people can only do two things at once if one of those things is routine. Also, those who regularly use multiple forms of media are more prone to distraction tha those who do not. But, according to Nielson Neurofocus, EEG readings suggest that younger brains have higher multi-sensory processing capacity than older ones and are most stimulated – that it is more engaged with and more likely to pay attention to and remember – dynamic messages. Milllennials probably aren’t more effective multitaskers, in the strict sense of the world, but, in their current stage of brain development, they seem better able to tolerate and integrate multiple streams of information.

Angela Ahrendts, the former CEO of Burberry, recognized that she could turn these two hallmarks of Millennials behavior into an asset for the fashion brand. In 2006, she hired a large number of “digital natives”, as she called them, to do what they do best, socialize through technology. As she explains, they created an expansive digital platform, which transformed the company’s image and dramatically accelerated its growth. One highlight was “Tweet Walk”, which turned Burberry’s traditional runway show into a live web broadcast.

While Baby Boomers might see phones, tablets, and other devices as distractions, Milllennials use them to collaborate and innovate in real time. While Gen-Xers may view aggressive social sharing as an unhealthy mix of the personal and professional, Milllennials see it as an away to gather input and learn from others. Milllennials understand, embrace and are evolving with our exponentially expanding digital world. Instead of judging their behavior, we need to better leverage it. Adapted from http://hbr.org/
162. The word maligned is closest meaning to …

Milllennials are often maligned for their constant technology use and obsession with the social approval signaled by likes shares, and retweets. But organizations need to start recognizing the benefits of such behavior and harnessing it. This generational cohort will, by some estimates, account for nearly 75% of the workforce by 2025. And, according to a recent Delloite survey of 7800 people from 29 countries, only 28% of currently employed Milllennials feel their companies are fully using their skills. How can smart leaders better leverage their talents of these future leaders?

First, social sharing, euroscientists have shown that any kind of positive personal interaction lights up a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, which stimulates the production of oxytocin, “the feelgood hormone”. Milllennials, who gave grown up interacting online, are able to get that same high, more often, through technology, by posting, messaging, forwarding and favouriting multiple times a day. They crave that connection and are therefore natural team players.

Second, constant, complex data flow. Research tells us that multitasking is impossible, people can only do two things at once if one of those things is routine. Also, those who regularly use multiple forms of media are more prone to distraction tha those who do not. But, according to Nielson Neurofocus, EEG readings suggest that younger brains have higher multi-sensory processing capacity than older ones and are most stimulated – that it is more engaged with and more likely to pay attention to and remember – dynamic messages. Milllennials probably aren’t more effective multitaskers, in the strict sense of the world, but, in their current stage of brain development, they seem better able to tolerate and integrate multiple streams of information.

Angela Ahrendts, the former CEO of Burberry, recognized that she could turn these two hallmarks of Millennials behavior into an asset for the fashion brand. In 2006, she hired a large number of “digital natives”, as she called them, to do what they do best, socialize through technology. As she explains, they created an expansive digital platform, which transformed the company’s image and dramatically accelerated its growth. One highlight was “Tweet Walk”, which turned Burberry’s traditional runway show into a live web broadcast.

While Baby Boomers might see phones, tablets, and other devices as distractions, Milllennials use them to collaborate and innovate in real time. While Gen-Xers may view aggressive social sharing as an unhealthy mix of the personal and professional, Milllennials see it as an away to gather input and learn from others. Milllennials understand, embrace and are evolving with our exponentially expanding digital world. Instead of judging their behavior, we need to better leverage it. Adapted from http://hbr.org/
164. Which of the following is NOT the
characteristics of Millennials?

Milllennials are often maligned for their constant technology use and obsession with the social approval signaled by likes shares, and retweets. But organizations need to start recognizing the benefits of such behavior and harnessing it. This generational cohort will, by some estimates, account for nearly 75% of the workforce by 2025. And, according to a recent Delloite survey of 7800 people from 29 countries, only 28% of currently employed Milllennials feel their companies are fully using their skills. How can smart leaders better leverage their talents of these future leaders?

First, social sharing, euroscientists have shown that any kind of positive personal interaction lights up a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, which stimulates the production of oxytocin, “the feelgood hormone”. Milllennials, who gave grown up interacting online, are able to get that same high, more often, through technology, by posting, messaging, forwarding and favouriting multiple times a day. They crave that connection and are therefore natural team players.

Second, constant, complex data flow. Research tells us that multitasking is impossible, people can only do two things at once if one of those things is routine. Also, those who regularly use multiple forms of media are more prone to distraction tha those who do not. But, according to Nielson Neurofocus, EEG readings suggest that younger brains have higher multi-sensory processing capacity than older ones and are most stimulated – that it is more engaged with and more likely to pay attention to and remember – dynamic messages. Milllennials probably aren’t more effective multitaskers, in the strict sense of the world, but, in their current stage of brain development, they seem better able to tolerate and integrate multiple streams of information.

Angela Ahrendts, the former CEO of Burberry, recognized that she could turn these two hallmarks of Millennials behavior into an asset for the fashion brand. In 2006, she hired a large number of “digital natives”, as she called them, to do what they do best, socialize through technology. As she explains, they created an expansive digital platform, which transformed the company’s image and dramatically accelerated its growth. One highlight was “Tweet Walk”, which turned Burberry’s traditional runway show into a live web broadcast.

While Baby Boomers might see phones, tablets, and other devices as distractions, Milllennials use them to collaborate and innovate in real time. While Gen-Xers may view aggressive social sharing as an unhealthy mix of the personal and professional, Milllennials see it as an away to gather input and learn from others. Milllennials understand, embrace and are evolving with our exponentially expanding digital world. Instead of judging their behavior, we need to better leverage it. Adapted from http://hbr.org/
165. The word these refers to ….

Milllennials are often maligned for their constant technology use and obsession with the social approval signaled by likes shares, and retweets. But organizations need to start recognizing the benefits of such behavior and harnessing it. This generational cohort will, by some estimates, account for nearly 75% of the workforce by 2025. And, according to a recent Delloite survey of 7800 people from 29 countries, only 28% of currently employed Milllennials feel their companies are fully using their skills. How can smart leaders better leverage their talents of these future leaders?

First, social sharing, euroscientists have shown that any kind of positive personal interaction lights up a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, which stimulates the production of oxytocin, “the feelgood hormone”. Milllennials, who gave grown up interacting online, are able to get that same high, more often, through technology, by posting, messaging, forwarding and favouriting multiple times a day. They crave that connection and are therefore natural team players.

Second, constant, complex data flow. Research tells us that multitasking is impossible, people can only do two things at once if one of those things is routine. Also, those who regularly use multiple forms of media are more prone to distraction tha those who do not. But, according to Nielson Neurofocus, EEG readings suggest that younger brains have higher multi-sensory processing capacity than older ones and are most stimulated – that it is more engaged with and more likely to pay attention to and remember – dynamic messages. Milllennials probably aren’t more effective multitaskers, in the strict sense of the world, but, in their current stage of brain development, they seem better able to tolerate and integrate multiple streams of information.

Angela Ahrendts, the former CEO of Burberry, recognized that she could turn these two hallmarks of Millennials behavior into an asset for the fashion brand. In 2006, she hired a large number of “digital natives”, as she called them, to do what they do best, socialize through technology. As she explains, they created an expansive digital platform, which transformed the company’s image and dramatically accelerated its growth. One highlight was “Tweet Walk”, which turned Burberry’s traditional runway show into a live web broadcast.

While Baby Boomers might see phones, tablets, and other devices as distractions, Milllennials use them to collaborate and innovate in real time. While Gen-Xers may view aggressive social sharing as an unhealthy mix of the personal and professional, Milllennials see it as an away to gather input and learn from others. Milllennials understand, embrace and are evolving with our exponentially expanding digital world. Instead of judging their behavior, we need to better leverage it. Adapted from http://hbr.org/
166. The word hallmarks is closest meaning to
….

Milllennials are often maligned for their constant technology use and obsession with the social approval signaled by likes shares, and retweets. But organizations need to start recognizing the benefits of such behavior and harnessing it. This generational cohort will, by some estimates, account for nearly 75% of the workforce by 2025. And, according to a recent Delloite survey of 7800 people from 29 countries, only 28% of currently employed Milllennials feel their companies are fully using their skills. How can smart leaders better leverage their talents of these future leaders?

First, social sharing, euroscientists have shown that any kind of positive personal interaction lights up a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction, which stimulates the production of oxytocin, “the feelgood hormone”. Milllennials, who gave grown up interacting online, are able to get that same high, more often, through technology, by posting, messaging, forwarding and favouriting multiple times a day. They crave that connection and are therefore natural team players.

Second, constant, complex data flow. Research tells us that multitasking is impossible, people can only do two things at once if one of those things is routine. Also, those who regularly use multiple forms of media are more prone to distraction tha those who do not. But, according to Nielson Neurofocus, EEG readings suggest that younger brains have higher multi-sensory processing capacity than older ones and are most stimulated – that it is more engaged with and more likely to pay attention to and remember – dynamic messages. Milllennials probably aren’t more effective multitaskers, in the strict sense of the world, but, in their current stage of brain development, they seem better able to tolerate and integrate multiple streams of information.

Angela Ahrendts, the former CEO of Burberry, recognized that she could turn these two hallmarks of Millennials behavior into an asset for the fashion brand. In 2006, she hired a large number of “digital natives”, as she called them, to do what they do best, socialize through technology. As she explains, they created an expansive digital platform, which transformed the company’s image and dramatically accelerated its growth. One highlight was “Tweet Walk”, which turned Burberry’s traditional runway show into a live web broadcast.

While Baby Boomers might see phones, tablets, and other devices as distractions, Milllennials use them to collaborate and innovate in real time. While Gen-Xers may view aggressive social sharing as an unhealthy mix of the personal and professional, Milllennials see it as an away to gather input and learn from others. Milllennials understand, embrace and are evolving with our exponentially expanding digital world. Instead of judging their behavior, we need to better leverage it. Adapted from http://hbr.org/
167. It can be inferred from the passage that the
Millennials …

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
168. The main idea of the first paragraph is …

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
169. Why opah does not make much money for
fishermen?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
170. What makes opah a fast swimmer?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
171. Which of the following is NOT the
description of opah?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
172. The word there refers to?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
173. The word congregate is closest in meanig
to ….

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174 Its squat body and firmsy-looking pectoral fins may not scream speed-demon, but the opah, or moonfish, is actually quite fast, and can run with the big boys like tuna and swordfish. That’s just one of many surprising revelations coming to light as more of these mysterious fish appear unexpectedly in scientific surveys along the southern California coast. This unexplained surge is enabling researchers to study and photograph the camera-shy creatures.

While documenting a fishing survey, photographer Ralph Pace caught the roughly 5 kilogram fish on camera off the southern California coast in November 2014. Researchers had accidentally caught the odd animal, and after it was released, Pave dove into the water to take some snapshots before it swam away. He had only a couple of minutes with the opah, but they were memorable. He recalled that it was big, probably bigger than a manhole cover. John Hyde, a fish-genetics researcher with NOAA Southwest Fisheries in La Jolia, California, mentioned that photos of them in the water free-swimming were pretty rare and Pave’s images were better than the rest he has seen.

Owyn Snodgrass, a fisheries biologist with NOAA Southwest Fisheries, mentioned that opah can be valuable commodities on the seafood market, however, there is no target fishery for them. That is partly because the deep-sea dwellers don’t congregate in large groups like other commercially valuable fish such as tuna. So, focusing solely on opah won’t make fishermen much money. Instead, moonfish are caught as by catch in commercial tuna and swordfish fisheries. Despite the relatively small size of the catch, they bring in a good chunk of change. The 2012 Hawaiian opah market was valued at around $3 million. They are very tasty fish. Opah are unusual in that different parts of their body look and taste different. The upper part of the fish looks like tuna and tastes like tuna and tastes like a cross between tuna and salmon, he says. But their pectoral muscles—the ones that power the fins on the side of the body—look and taste a bit like beef. Opah can be eaten raw, but they are also great on the barbeque or smoked.

Casson Trenor, who co-owns four San Francisco sushi restaurants, actually prefers a little sear on his opah. He does not offer the fish in his restaurants, though, since little is known about the sustainability of the fishery. The pectoral muscle aren’t just good eating—they also give researchers clues about the animal’s speed and way of life. Those muscle are about 17 percent of an opah’s body weight, which is a relatively large percentage. Despite that they look like, they can swim really fast when they want to, and they can swim long distances.
174. It can be inferred from the passage that
opahs …

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
In 1937, Charles Bradley reported a positive effect of stimulant medication in children with various behavior disorders. Bradley was medical director of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home, today called Bradley Hospital, in East Providence, Rhode Island, which was found by his great-uncle George Bradley to treat neurologically impaired children. Apart from children with definite neurological disorders or residual effects of encephalitis, there where children hospitalized with “emotional problems” and major difficulties in learning and behavior. Some of these children would possibly be diagnosed with ADHD today.

Bradley’s discovery of the improvement by stimulants of the behavior of children was based on a chance finding during his neurological examinations. Bradley performed pneumoencephalograms in order to examine structural brain abnormalities. This usually caused severe headaches, which were supposed to be the result of a significant loss of spinal fluid. Bradley attempted to treat the headaches by stimulating the choroid plexus with Benzedrine which was “the most potent stimulant available at the time”. However, Benzedrine had a negligible effect on the headaches, but caused a striking improvement in behavior and school performance in some of the children.

Bradley subsequently started a systematic trial in 30 children of his hospital and observed remarkable alterations in behavior. “The most spectacular change in behavior brought about by the use of Benzedrine was the remarkably improved school performance of approximately half the children”. The children “were more interested in their work and performed it more quickly and accurately”. In addition, some decrease in motor activity was usually noted in the children who also “became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings”.

Bradley was surprised at this effect, “It appears paradoxical that a drug known to be a stimulant should produce subdued behavior in half of the children. It should be borne in mind, however, that portions of the higher levels of the central nervous system have inhibition as their function, and that stimulation of these portions might indeed produce the clinical picture of reduced activity through increased voluntary control”. He later identified children who were most likely to benefit from Benzedrine treatment as “characterized by short attention span, dyscalculia, mood liability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor memory”. These feature are nowadays associated with ADHP. Bradley’s observations of stimulant effects in hyperactive children were revolutionary and are considered important discoveries in psychiatric treatment.
175. What is the main idea of the text?

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
In 1937, Charles Bradley reported a positive effect of stimulant medication in children with various behavior disorders. Bradley was medical director of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home, today called Bradley Hospital, in East Providence, Rhode Island, which was found by his great-uncle George Bradley to treat neurologically impaired children. Apart from children with definite neurological disorders or residual effects of encephalitis, there where children hospitalized with “emotional problems” and major difficulties in learning and behavior. Some of these children would possibly be diagnosed with ADHD today.

Bradley’s discovery of the improvement by stimulants of the behavior of children was based on a chance finding during his neurological examinations. Bradley performed pneumoencephalograms in order to examine structural brain abnormalities. This usually caused severe headaches, which were supposed to be the result of a significant loss of spinal fluid. Bradley attempted to treat the headaches by stimulating the choroid plexus with Benzedrine which was “the most potent stimulant available at the time”. However, Benzedrine had a negligible effect on the headaches, but caused a striking improvement in behavior and school performance in some of the children.

Bradley subsequently started a systematic trial in 30 children of his hospital and observed remarkable alterations in behavior. “The most spectacular change in behavior brought about by the use of Benzedrine was the remarkably improved school performance of approximately half the children”. The children “were more interested in their work and performed it more quickly and accurately”. In addition, some decrease in motor activity was usually noted in the children who also “became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings”.

Bradley was surprised at this effect, “It appears paradoxical that a drug known to be a stimulant should produce subdued behavior in half of the children. It should be borne in mind, however, that portions of the higher levels of the central nervous system have inhibition as their function, and that stimulation of these portions might indeed produce the clinical picture of reduced activity through increased voluntary control”. He later identified children who were most likely to benefit from Benzedrine treatment as “characterized by short attention span, dyscalculia, mood liability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor memory”. These feature are nowadays associated with ADHP. Bradley’s observations of stimulant effects in hyperactive children were revolutionary and are considered important discoveries in psychiatric treatment.
176. Children, who are diagnosed with ADHD
today, were having …

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
In 1937, Charles Bradley reported a positive effect of stimulant medication in children with various behavior disorders. Bradley was medical director of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home, today called Bradley Hospital, in East Providence, Rhode Island, which was found by his great-uncle George Bradley to treat neurologically impaired children. Apart from children with definite neurological disorders or residual effects of encephalitis, there where children hospitalized with “emotional problems” and major difficulties in learning and behavior. Some of these children would possibly be diagnosed with ADHD today.

Bradley’s discovery of the improvement by stimulants of the behavior of children was based on a chance finding during his neurological examinations. Bradley performed pneumoencephalograms in order to examine structural brain abnormalities. This usually caused severe headaches, which were supposed to be the result of a significant loss of spinal fluid. Bradley attempted to treat the headaches by stimulating the choroid plexus with Benzedrine which was “the most potent stimulant available at the time”. However, Benzedrine had a negligible effect on the headaches, but caused a striking improvement in behavior and school performance in some of the children.

Bradley subsequently started a systematic trial in 30 children of his hospital and observed remarkable alterations in behavior. “The most spectacular change in behavior brought about by the use of Benzedrine was the remarkably improved school performance of approximately half the children”. The children “were more interested in their work and performed it more quickly and accurately”. In addition, some decrease in motor activity was usually noted in the children who also “became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings”.

Bradley was surprised at this effect, “It appears paradoxical that a drug known to be a stimulant should produce subdued behavior in half of the children. It should be borne in mind, however, that portions of the higher levels of the central nervous system have inhibition as their function, and that stimulation of these portions might indeed produce the clinical picture of reduced activity through increased voluntary control”. He later identified children who were most likely to benefit from Benzedrine treatment as “characterized by short attention span, dyscalculia, mood liability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor memory”. These feature are nowadays associated with ADHP. Bradley’s observations of stimulant effects in hyperactive children were revolutionary and are considered important discoveries in psychiatric treatment.
177. The change of behavior brought about by
the use of Benzedrine was …

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
In 1937, Charles Bradley reported a positive effect of stimulant medication in children with various behavior disorders. Bradley was medical director of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home, today called Bradley Hospital, in East Providence, Rhode Island, which was found by his great-uncle George Bradley to treat neurologically impaired children. Apart from children with definite neurological disorders or residual effects of encephalitis, there where children hospitalized with “emotional problems” and major difficulties in learning and behavior. Some of these children would possibly be diagnosed with ADHD today.

Bradley’s discovery of the improvement by stimulants of the behavior of children was based on a chance finding during his neurological examinations. Bradley performed pneumoencephalograms in order to examine structural brain abnormalities. This usually caused severe headaches, which were supposed to be the result of a significant loss of spinal fluid. Bradley attempted to treat the headaches by stimulating the choroid plexus with Benzedrine which was “the most potent stimulant available at the time”. However, Benzedrine had a negligible effect on the headaches, but caused a striking improvement in behavior and school performance in some of the children.

Bradley subsequently started a systematic trial in 30 children of his hospital and observed remarkable alterations in behavior. “The most spectacular change in behavior brought about by the use of Benzedrine was the remarkably improved school performance of approximately half the children”. The children “were more interested in their work and performed it more quickly and accurately”. In addition, some decrease in motor activity was usually noted in the children who also “became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings”.

Bradley was surprised at this effect, “It appears paradoxical that a drug known to be a stimulant should produce subdued behavior in half of the children. It should be borne in mind, however, that portions of the higher levels of the central nervous system have inhibition as their function, and that stimulation of these portions might indeed produce the clinical picture of reduced activity through increased voluntary control”. He later identified children who were most likely to benefit from Benzedrine treatment as “characterized by short attention span, dyscalculia, mood liability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor memory”. These feature are nowadays associated with ADHP. Bradley’s observations of stimulant effects in hyperactive children were revolutionary and are considered important discoveries in psychiatric treatment.
178. The word alterations in line 17 is closest
meaning to …

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
In 1937, Charles Bradley reported a positive effect of stimulant medication in children with various behavior disorders. Bradley was medical director of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home, today called Bradley Hospital, in East Providence, Rhode Island, which was found by his great-uncle George Bradley to treat neurologically impaired children. Apart from children with definite neurological disorders or residual effects of encephalitis, there where children hospitalized with “emotional problems” and major difficulties in learning and behavior. Some of these children would possibly be diagnosed with ADHD today.

Bradley’s discovery of the improvement by stimulants of the behavior of children was based on a chance finding during his neurological examinations. Bradley performed pneumoencephalograms in order to examine structural brain abnormalities. This usually caused severe headaches, which were supposed to be the result of a significant loss of spinal fluid. Bradley attempted to treat the headaches by stimulating the choroid plexus with Benzedrine which was “the most potent stimulant available at the time”. However, Benzedrine had a negligible effect on the headaches, but caused a striking improvement in behavior and school performance in some of the children.

Bradley subsequently started a systematic trial in 30 children of his hospital and observed remarkable alterations in behavior. “The most spectacular change in behavior brought about by the use of Benzedrine was the remarkably improved school performance of approximately half the children”. The children “were more interested in their work and performed it more quickly and accurately”. In addition, some decrease in motor activity was usually noted in the children who also “became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings”.

Bradley was surprised at this effect, “It appears paradoxical that a drug known to be a stimulant should produce subdued behavior in half of the children. It should be borne in mind, however, that portions of the higher levels of the central nervous system have inhibition as their function, and that stimulation of these portions might indeed produce the clinical picture of reduced activity through increased voluntary control”. He later identified children who were most likely to benefit from Benzedrine treatment as “characterized by short attention span, dyscalculia, mood liability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor memory”. These feature are nowadays associated with ADHP. Bradley’s observations of stimulant effects in hyperactive children were revolutionary and are considered important discoveries in psychiatric treatment.
179. Which of the following is NOT the
description that nowadays associated with
ADHD?

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
In 1937, Charles Bradley reported a positive effect of stimulant medication in children with various behavior disorders. Bradley was medical director of the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home, today called Bradley Hospital, in East Providence, Rhode Island, which was found by his great-uncle George Bradley to treat neurologically impaired children. Apart from children with definite neurological disorders or residual effects of encephalitis, there where children hospitalized with “emotional problems” and major difficulties in learning and behavior. Some of these children would possibly be diagnosed with ADHD today.

Bradley’s discovery of the improvement by stimulants of the behavior of children was based on a chance finding during his neurological examinations. Bradley performed pneumoencephalograms in order to examine structural brain abnormalities. This usually caused severe headaches, which were supposed to be the result of a significant loss of spinal fluid. Bradley attempted to treat the headaches by stimulating the choroid plexus with Benzedrine which was “the most potent stimulant available at the time”. However, Benzedrine had a negligible effect on the headaches, but caused a striking improvement in behavior and school performance in some of the children.

Bradley subsequently started a systematic trial in 30 children of his hospital and observed remarkable alterations in behavior. “The most spectacular change in behavior brought about by the use of Benzedrine was the remarkably improved school performance of approximately half the children”. The children “were more interested in their work and performed it more quickly and accurately”. In addition, some decrease in motor activity was usually noted in the children who also “became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings”.

Bradley was surprised at this effect, “It appears paradoxical that a drug known to be a stimulant should produce subdued behavior in half of the children. It should be borne in mind, however, that portions of the higher levels of the central nervous system have inhibition as their function, and that stimulation of these portions might indeed produce the clinical picture of reduced activity through increased voluntary control”. He later identified children who were most likely to benefit from Benzedrine treatment as “characterized by short attention span, dyscalculia, mood liability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and poor memory”. These feature are nowadays associated with ADHP. Bradley’s observations of stimulant effects in hyperactive children were revolutionary and are considered important discoveries in psychiatric treatment.
180. The word this in line 10 refers to …

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
21. Apa judul yang tepat untuk tulisan di atas?

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
22. Anda akan menambahkan kalimat berikut pada paragraf 1.
Langkah-langkah perbaikan dalam mengatasi hama penyakit diperlukan untuk
meningkatkan hasil pertanian.
Letak yang paling tepat untuk kalimat tersebut adalah … .

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
24. Agar menjadi logis, kalimat 12 harus diperbaiki dengan cara … .

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
25. Kata yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi […] pada kalimat 9 adalah … .

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
26. Kalimat manakah yang paling tepat dituliskan sebagai simpulab pada akhir tulisan?

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
27. Kalimat manakah yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi paragraf 2?

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 21 sampai dengan 28!
(1) Masalah yang dihadapi dalam praktik budi daya padi semakin beragam. (2) Konversi sawah di sentra penghasil padi terus berlangsung. (3) Perubahan iklim global berdampak terhadap anomali iklim mendorong perkembangan hama dan penyakit yang mengancam keselamatan produksi padi. (4) Akibatnya hasil produksi pertanian mengalami penurunan. (5) Penurunan itu terjadi karena biaya perlindungan tanaman padi dari hama semakin tinggi.

(6) Di Indonesia, penyakit penting tanaman padi ialah hawar daun bakteri, penyakit tungru, bercak dan phycularia, busuk batang, hawar pelepah daun, kerdil hampa, dan kerdil rumput. (7) Kehilangan hasil padi akibat gangguan hawar daun bakteri berkisar 15–24%. (8) Pada tahun 2010, panyakit kerdil hampa dan kerdil rumput mewabah, […] menyebabkan gagal panen di beberapa sentra penghasil padi di Pulau Jawa.

(9) Melindungi tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit merupakan usaha yang tidak […] dari pengelolaan ekosistem pertanian padi. (10) Produksi padi berperan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan tanaman harus ditingkatkan dalam sistem produksi. (11) Perlindungan tanaman padi dari gangguan penyakit idealnya berpangkal pada prinsip keseimbangan lingkungan. (12) Dalam usaha perlindungan tersebut tidak terlepaskan dari kegiatan manusia dalam memanipulasi komponen lingkungan yang memengaruhi penyakit itu sendiri.
28.Ilustrasi yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi penjelasan dalam tulisan adalah …

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 29 sampai dengan 36!
(1)Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) memperingatkan bahwa kelaparan yang terjadi saat ini adalah sebuah ancaman global. (2) Menurut PBB, satu di antara sembilan atau sebanyak 821 juta orang mengalami kelaparan. (3) Dalam sebuah laporan disebutkan bahwa kelaparan telah meningkat di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan.

(4) Peningkatan kelaparan terus terjadi ini disebabkan karena perubahan iklim dan juga serta konflik berkepanjangan, termasuk di Yaman, Somalia, Afrika Utara, dan Afganistan. (5) Lebih lanjut PBB mengatakan bahwa situasi kelaparan di Amerika Selatan semakin memburuk karena rendahnya harga komoditas ekspor utama di kawasan tersebut, terutama minyak mentah. (6) Sebuah organisasi sosial bernama Save the Children mengungkapkan bahwa 600.000 anakanak zona perang dapat meninggal karena kelaparan ekstrem akhir tahun ini yang disebabkan halangan pasokan kebutuhan akibat perang. (7) Selain itu, akses yang tidak memadai membuat penduduk sekitar lebih memilih makan yang murah dan padat energi yang tinggi lemak. (8) Sebagai akibatnya, 672 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. (9) Jumlah penduduk yang bermasalah dengan kesehatan naik sebanyak 72 juta bila dibandingkan dengan data demografi tahun 2014. (10) Wakil Presiden Asosiasi Dana Internasional untuk Pembangunan Pertanian mengatakan untuk mengurangi kelaparan kita harus mengutamakan akarnya terlebih dahulu, yaitu kemiskinan kronis. (11) Ia menyatakan bahwa dibutuhkan data yang akurat mengenai keberadaan penduduk miskin dan apa saja yang dibutuhkan mereka.
29. Kata halangan pada kalimat 6 dapat diperbaiki menjadi … .

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 29 sampai dengan 36!
(1)Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) memperingatkan bahwa kelaparan yang terjadi saat ini adalah sebuah ancaman global. (2) Menurut PBB, satu di antara sembilan atau sebanyak 821 juta orang mengalami kelaparan. (3) Dalam sebuah laporan disebutkan bahwa kelaparan telah meningkat di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan.

(4) Peningkatan kelaparan terus terjadi ini disebabkan karena perubahan iklim dan juga serta konflik berkepanjangan, termasuk di Yaman, Somalia, Afrika Utara, dan Afganistan. (5) Lebih lanjut PBB mengatakan bahwa situasi kelaparan di Amerika Selatan semakin memburuk karena rendahnya harga komoditas ekspor utama di kawasan tersebut, terutama minyak mentah. (6) Sebuah organisasi sosial bernama Save the Children mengungkapkan bahwa 600.000 anakanak zona perang dapat meninggal karena kelaparan ekstrem akhir tahun ini yang disebabkan halangan pasokan kebutuhan akibat perang. (7) Selain itu, akses yang tidak memadai membuat penduduk sekitar lebih memilih makan yang murah dan padat energi yang tinggi lemak. (8) Sebagai akibatnya, 672 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. (9) Jumlah penduduk yang bermasalah dengan kesehatan naik sebanyak 72 juta bila dibandingkan dengan data demografi tahun 2014. (10) Wakil Presiden Asosiasi Dana Internasional untuk Pembangunan Pertanian mengatakan untuk mengurangi kelaparan kita harus mengutamakan akarnya terlebih dahulu, yaitu kemiskinan kronis. (11) Ia menyatakan bahwa dibutuhkan data yang akurat mengenai keberadaan penduduk miskin dan apa saja yang dibutuhkan mereka.
33. Paragraf 2 seharusnya terdiri atas dua paragraf. Kalimat yang seharusnya merupakan awal
paragraf 3 adalah … .

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 29 sampai dengan 36!
(1)Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) memperingatkan bahwa kelaparan yang terjadi saat ini adalah sebuah ancaman global. (2) Menurut PBB, satu di antara sembilan atau sebanyak 821 juta orang mengalami kelaparan. (3) Dalam sebuah laporan disebutkan bahwa kelaparan telah meningkat di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan.

(4) Peningkatan kelaparan terus terjadi ini disebabkan karena perubahan iklim dan juga serta konflik berkepanjangan, termasuk di Yaman, Somalia, Afrika Utara, dan Afganistan. (5) Lebih lanjut PBB mengatakan bahwa situasi kelaparan di Amerika Selatan semakin memburuk karena rendahnya harga komoditas ekspor utama di kawasan tersebut, terutama minyak mentah. (6) Sebuah organisasi sosial bernama Save the Children mengungkapkan bahwa 600.000 anakanak zona perang dapat meninggal karena kelaparan ekstrem akhir tahun ini yang disebabkan halangan pasokan kebutuhan akibat perang. (7) Selain itu, akses yang tidak memadai membuat penduduk sekitar lebih memilih makan yang murah dan padat energi yang tinggi lemak. (8) Sebagai akibatnya, 672 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. (9) Jumlah penduduk yang bermasalah dengan kesehatan naik sebanyak 72 juta bila dibandingkan dengan data demografi tahun 2014. (10) Wakil Presiden Asosiasi Dana Internasional untuk Pembangunan Pertanian mengatakan untuk mengurangi kelaparan kita harus mengutamakan akarnya terlebih dahulu, yaitu kemiskinan kronis. (11) Ia menyatakan bahwa dibutuhkan data yang akurat mengenai keberadaan penduduk miskin dan apa saja yang dibutuhkan mereka.
34. Kalimat manakah yang merupakan perbaikan kalimat 4?

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 29 sampai dengan 36!
(1)Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) memperingatkan bahwa kelaparan yang terjadi saat ini adalah sebuah ancaman global. (2) Menurut PBB, satu di antara sembilan atau sebanyak 821 juta orang mengalami kelaparan. (3) Dalam sebuah laporan disebutkan bahwa kelaparan telah meningkat di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan.

(4) Peningkatan kelaparan terus terjadi ini disebabkan karena perubahan iklim dan juga serta konflik berkepanjangan, termasuk di Yaman, Somalia, Afrika Utara, dan Afganistan. (5) Lebih lanjut PBB mengatakan bahwa situasi kelaparan di Amerika Selatan semakin memburuk karena rendahnya harga komoditas ekspor utama di kawasan tersebut, terutama minyak mentah. (6) Sebuah organisasi sosial bernama Save the Children mengungkapkan bahwa 600.000 anakanak zona perang dapat meninggal karena kelaparan ekstrem akhir tahun ini yang disebabkan halangan pasokan kebutuhan akibat perang. (7) Selain itu, akses yang tidak memadai membuat penduduk sekitar lebih memilih makan yang murah dan padat energi yang tinggi lemak. (8) Sebagai akibatnya, 672 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. (9) Jumlah penduduk yang bermasalah dengan kesehatan naik sebanyak 72 juta bila dibandingkan dengan data demografi tahun 2014. (10) Wakil Presiden Asosiasi Dana Internasional untuk Pembangunan Pertanian mengatakan untuk mengurangi kelaparan kita harus mengutamakan akarnya terlebih dahulu, yaitu kemiskinan kronis. (11) Ia menyatakan bahwa dibutuhkan data yang akurat mengenai keberadaan penduduk miskin dan apa saja yang dibutuhkan mereka.
35. Kalimat manakah yang dapat ditambahkan pada paragraf 1?

Tulisan berikut digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 29 sampai dengan 36!
(1)Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) memperingatkan bahwa kelaparan yang terjadi saat ini adalah sebuah ancaman global. (2) Menurut PBB, satu di antara sembilan atau sebanyak 821 juta orang mengalami kelaparan. (3) Dalam sebuah laporan disebutkan bahwa kelaparan telah meningkat di Afrika dan Amerika Selatan.

(4) Peningkatan kelaparan terus terjadi ini disebabkan karena perubahan iklim dan juga serta konflik berkepanjangan, termasuk di Yaman, Somalia, Afrika Utara, dan Afganistan. (5) Lebih lanjut PBB mengatakan bahwa situasi kelaparan di Amerika Selatan semakin memburuk karena rendahnya harga komoditas ekspor utama di kawasan tersebut, terutama minyak mentah. (6) Sebuah organisasi sosial bernama Save the Children mengungkapkan bahwa 600.000 anakanak zona perang dapat meninggal karena kelaparan ekstrem akhir tahun ini yang disebabkan halangan pasokan kebutuhan akibat perang. (7) Selain itu, akses yang tidak memadai membuat penduduk sekitar lebih memilih makan yang murah dan padat energi yang tinggi lemak. (8) Sebagai akibatnya, 672 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas. (9) Jumlah penduduk yang bermasalah dengan kesehatan naik sebanyak 72 juta bila dibandingkan dengan data demografi tahun 2014. (10) Wakil Presiden Asosiasi Dana Internasional untuk Pembangunan Pertanian mengatakan untuk mengurangi kelaparan kita harus mengutamakan akarnya terlebih dahulu, yaitu kemiskinan kronis. (11) Ia menyatakan bahwa dibutuhkan data yang akurat mengenai keberadaan penduduk miskin dan apa saja yang dibutuhkan mereka.
36. Jika informasi di bawah ini ditambahkan dalam paragraf 2, kalimat manakah yang akan
melemahkan argumen pada paragraf tersebut?

Tulisan berikut ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 37–40. Pertimbangkan kata atau kalimat yang bercetak tebal tidak perlu diperbaiki (A) atau diganti dengan pilihan lain yang tersedia (B,C,D, atau E).
Seni musik memanfaatkan unsur bunyi sebagai [37] alat dasar. Musik memiliki proporsi pada bunyi yang teratur, bunyi yang berirama, serta paduan bunyi. [38]Sehingga, seni musik banyak dikembangkan pada komunitas masyarakat yang memiliki aliran klasik, ekspresionis, dan eksperimentalis. Caranya adalah dengan memetakan perkembangan musik melalui bunyibunyian yang tidak berirama dan bernada. Seni musik tumbuh dan berkembang sejak [39] Zaman Renaisans hingga abad milenium. [40] Secara progresif aliran musik berkembang pada saat ini lebih ke arah musik memiliki tonasi, interval, dan harmoni.
37.

Tulisan berikut ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 37–40. Pertimbangkan kata atau kalimat yang bercetak tebal tidak perlu diperbaiki (A) atau diganti dengan pilihan lain yang tersedia (B,C,D, atau E).
Seni musik memanfaatkan unsur bunyi sebagai [37] alat dasar. Musik memiliki proporsi pada bunyi yang teratur, bunyi yang berirama, serta paduan bunyi. [38]Sehingga, seni musik banyak dikembangkan pada komunitas masyarakat yang memiliki aliran klasik, ekspresionis, dan eksperimentalis. Caranya adalah dengan memetakan perkembangan musik melalui bunyibunyian yang tidak berirama dan bernada. Seni musik tumbuh dan berkembang sejak [39] Zaman Renaisans hingga abad milenium. [40] Secara progresif aliran musik berkembang pada saat ini lebih ke arah musik memiliki tonasi, interval, dan harmoni.
38.

Tulisan berikut ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 37–40. Pertimbangkan kata atau kalimat yang bercetak tebal tidak perlu diperbaiki (A) atau diganti dengan pilihan lain yang tersedia (B,C,D, atau E).
Seni musik memanfaatkan unsur bunyi sebagai [37] alat dasar. Musik memiliki proporsi pada bunyi yang teratur, bunyi yang berirama, serta paduan bunyi. [38]Sehingga, seni musik banyak dikembangkan pada komunitas masyarakat yang memiliki aliran klasik, ekspresionis, dan eksperimentalis. Caranya adalah dengan memetakan perkembangan musik melalui bunyibunyian yang tidak berirama dan bernada. Seni musik tumbuh dan berkembang sejak [39] Zaman Renaisans hingga abad milenium. [40] Secara progresif aliran musik berkembang pada saat ini lebih ke arah musik memiliki tonasi, interval, dan harmoni.
39.

Tulisan berikut ini digunakan untuk menjawab soal nomor 37–40. Pertimbangkan kata atau kalimat yang bercetak tebal tidak perlu diperbaiki (A) atau diganti dengan pilihan lain yang tersedia (B,C,D, atau E).
Seni musik memanfaatkan unsur bunyi sebagai [37] alat dasar. Musik memiliki proporsi pada bunyi yang teratur, bunyi yang berirama, serta paduan bunyi. [38]Sehingga, seni musik banyak dikembangkan pada komunitas masyarakat yang memiliki aliran klasik, ekspresionis, dan eksperimentalis. Caranya adalah dengan memetakan perkembangan musik melalui bunyibunyian yang tidak berirama dan bernada. Seni musik tumbuh dan berkembang sejak [39] Zaman Renaisans hingga abad milenium. [40] Secara progresif aliran musik berkembang pada saat ini lebih ke arah musik memiliki tonasi, interval, dan harmoni.
40.

BACAAN 1
Upaya Indonesia memperbaiki tata kelola sumber daya alam melalui moratorium izin perikanan di laut dan izin kehutanan perlu diperbaiki. Langkah itu perlu segera dilakukan mengingat masing–masing kebijakan pemerintah akan berakhir dalam 1-2 bulan mendatang. “Moratorium tak hanya dilakukan untuk Indonesia, tetapi juga komitmen bagi dunia global,” kata Rizal Gamar, Country Director The Nature Concervacy-Indonesia di Jakarta. Saat ini, ancaman global perubahan iklim nyata. Itu bisa semakin parah ketika hutan tropis di Indonesia tak dikelola dengan baik.

Di hutan, masih terjadi tumpang tindih perizinan, pembalakan liar, dan konflik sosial. Di sector perikanan ditangkap, pencurian dan eksploitasi ikan membuat sebagian perairan Indonesia ada penangkapan berlebih. Selama ini, perairan Indonesia menyuplai kebutuhan ikan di berbagai belahan dunia. Namun, Sumber daya laut dan hutan yang menjadi modal alam Indonesia itu belum dimanfaatkan berkelanjutan. Pemerintah merespon kondisi itu dengan kebijakan moratorium izin kehutanan di hutan alam primer dan gambut sejak 2011 yang akan berakhir Mei 2015. Lalu, November 2014, Menteri Kelautan dan perikanan Susi Pudjiastuti menghentikan sementara izin perikanan tangkap yang berakhir April 2015. “Moratorium kehutanan belum dilakukan efektif. Namun, sayang kalau moratorium dihentikan, mengingat usahanya sudah sangat besar,” kata Herlina Hertanto, Direktur Terestrial TNC Indonesia. Ia berharap moratorium kehutanan dilanjutkan dengan memperkuat aturan main. Itu bisa dengan meningkatkan penegakan hukum serta meninjau ulang izin izin dengan tata ruang maupun Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS). Selain itu dalam negosiasi global dan konferensi PBB untuk perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), Moratorium kehutanan merupakan salah satu komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai penurunan emisi 26-41 persen. “ Moratorium kesempatan pemerintah mengatasi kerusakan hutan dan meningkatkan citra pemerintah, “katanya.

Di sektor perikanan, Direktur Perikanan Berkelanjutan TNC Indonesia Peter Mous mengatakan, langkah moratorium izin perikanan tangkap oleh Menteri Susi sukses membawa efek kejut. “Moratorium memang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi. Kemudian harus ada metode efektif yang tak keras, tetapi stok ikan bisa pulih,” katanya. Moratorium perizinan diberlakukan bagi izin kapal besar berbobot lebih dari 30 gross ton. Selama moratorium kapal ikan eks asing, pemeritnah menverifikasi kapal-kapal itu (Sumber: Kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
1. Ide pokok bacaan di atas yang paling tepat adalah ….

BACAAN 1
Upaya Indonesia memperbaiki tata kelola sumber daya alam melalui moratorium izin perikanan di laut dan izin kehutanan perlu diperbaiki. Langkah itu perlu segera dilakukan mengingat masing–masing kebijakan pemerintah akan berakhir dalam 1-2 bulan mendatang. “Moratorium tak hanya dilakukan untuk Indonesia, tetapi juga komitmen bagi dunia global,” kata Rizal Gamar, Country Director The Nature Concervacy-Indonesia di Jakarta. Saat ini, ancaman global perubahan iklim nyata. Itu bisa semakin parah ketika hutan tropis di Indonesia tak dikelola dengan baik.

Di hutan, masih terjadi tumpang tindih perizinan, pembalakan liar, dan konflik sosial. Di sector perikanan ditangkap, pencurian dan eksploitasi ikan membuat sebagian perairan Indonesia ada penangkapan berlebih. Selama ini, perairan Indonesia menyuplai kebutuhan ikan di berbagai belahan dunia. Namun, Sumber daya laut dan hutan yang menjadi modal alam Indonesia itu belum dimanfaatkan berkelanjutan. Pemerintah merespon kondisi itu dengan kebijakan moratorium izin kehutanan di hutan alam primer dan gambut sejak 2011 yang akan berakhir Mei 2015. Lalu, November 2014, Menteri Kelautan dan perikanan Susi Pudjiastuti menghentikan sementara izin perikanan tangkap yang berakhir April 2015. “Moratorium kehutanan belum dilakukan efektif. Namun, sayang kalau moratorium dihentikan, mengingat usahanya sudah sangat besar,” kata Herlina Hertanto, Direktur Terestrial TNC Indonesia. Ia berharap moratorium kehutanan dilanjutkan dengan memperkuat aturan main. Itu bisa dengan meningkatkan penegakan hukum serta meninjau ulang izin izin dengan tata ruang maupun Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS). Selain itu dalam negosiasi global dan konferensi PBB untuk perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), Moratorium kehutanan merupakan salah satu komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai penurunan emisi 26-41 persen. “ Moratorium kesempatan pemerintah mengatasi kerusakan hutan dan meningkatkan citra pemerintah, “katanya.

Di sektor perikanan, Direktur Perikanan Berkelanjutan TNC Indonesia Peter Mous mengatakan, langkah moratorium izin perikanan tangkap oleh Menteri Susi sukses membawa efek kejut. “Moratorium memang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi. Kemudian harus ada metode efektif yang tak keras, tetapi stok ikan bisa pulih,” katanya. Moratorium perizinan diberlakukan bagi izin kapal besar berbobot lebih dari 30 gross ton. Selama moratorium kapal ikan eks asing, pemeritnah menverifikasi kapal-kapal itu (Sumber: Kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
2. Pernyataan dibawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah ….

BACAAN 1
Upaya Indonesia memperbaiki tata kelola sumber daya alam melalui moratorium izin perikanan di laut dan izin kehutanan perlu diperbaiki. Langkah itu perlu segera dilakukan mengingat masing–masing kebijakan pemerintah akan berakhir dalam 1-2 bulan mendatang. “Moratorium tak hanya dilakukan untuk Indonesia, tetapi juga komitmen bagi dunia global,” kata Rizal Gamar, Country Director The Nature Concervacy-Indonesia di Jakarta. Saat ini, ancaman global perubahan iklim nyata. Itu bisa semakin parah ketika hutan tropis di Indonesia tak dikelola dengan baik.

Di hutan, masih terjadi tumpang tindih perizinan, pembalakan liar, dan konflik sosial. Di sector perikanan ditangkap, pencurian dan eksploitasi ikan membuat sebagian perairan Indonesia ada penangkapan berlebih. Selama ini, perairan Indonesia menyuplai kebutuhan ikan di berbagai belahan dunia. Namun, Sumber daya laut dan hutan yang menjadi modal alam Indonesia itu belum dimanfaatkan berkelanjutan. Pemerintah merespon kondisi itu dengan kebijakan moratorium izin kehutanan di hutan alam primer dan gambut sejak 2011 yang akan berakhir Mei 2015. Lalu, November 2014, Menteri Kelautan dan perikanan Susi Pudjiastuti menghentikan sementara izin perikanan tangkap yang berakhir April 2015. “Moratorium kehutanan belum dilakukan efektif. Namun, sayang kalau moratorium dihentikan, mengingat usahanya sudah sangat besar,” kata Herlina Hertanto, Direktur Terestrial TNC Indonesia. Ia berharap moratorium kehutanan dilanjutkan dengan memperkuat aturan main. Itu bisa dengan meningkatkan penegakan hukum serta meninjau ulang izin izin dengan tata ruang maupun Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS). Selain itu dalam negosiasi global dan konferensi PBB untuk perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), Moratorium kehutanan merupakan salah satu komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai penurunan emisi 26-41 persen. “ Moratorium kesempatan pemerintah mengatasi kerusakan hutan dan meningkatkan citra pemerintah, “katanya.

Di sektor perikanan, Direktur Perikanan Berkelanjutan TNC Indonesia Peter Mous mengatakan, langkah moratorium izin perikanan tangkap oleh Menteri Susi sukses membawa efek kejut. “Moratorium memang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi. Kemudian harus ada metode efektif yang tak keras, tetapi stok ikan bisa pulih,” katanya. Moratorium perizinan diberlakukan bagi izin kapal besar berbobot lebih dari 30 gross ton. Selama moratorium kapal ikan eks asing, pemeritnah menverifikasi kapal-kapal itu (Sumber: Kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
3. Istilah emisi pada bacaan di atas sama artinya dengan ….

BACAAN 1
Upaya Indonesia memperbaiki tata kelola sumber daya alam melalui moratorium izin perikanan di laut dan izin kehutanan perlu diperbaiki. Langkah itu perlu segera dilakukan mengingat masing–masing kebijakan pemerintah akan berakhir dalam 1-2 bulan mendatang. “Moratorium tak hanya dilakukan untuk Indonesia, tetapi juga komitmen bagi dunia global,” kata Rizal Gamar, Country Director The Nature Concervacy-Indonesia di Jakarta. Saat ini, ancaman global perubahan iklim nyata. Itu bisa semakin parah ketika hutan tropis di Indonesia tak dikelola dengan baik.

Di hutan, masih terjadi tumpang tindih perizinan, pembalakan liar, dan konflik sosial. Di sector perikanan ditangkap, pencurian dan eksploitasi ikan membuat sebagian perairan Indonesia ada penangkapan berlebih. Selama ini, perairan Indonesia menyuplai kebutuhan ikan di berbagai belahan dunia. Namun, Sumber daya laut dan hutan yang menjadi modal alam Indonesia itu belum dimanfaatkan berkelanjutan. Pemerintah merespon kondisi itu dengan kebijakan moratorium izin kehutanan di hutan alam primer dan gambut sejak 2011 yang akan berakhir Mei 2015. Lalu, November 2014, Menteri Kelautan dan perikanan Susi Pudjiastuti menghentikan sementara izin perikanan tangkap yang berakhir April 2015. “Moratorium kehutanan belum dilakukan efektif. Namun, sayang kalau moratorium dihentikan, mengingat usahanya sudah sangat besar,” kata Herlina Hertanto, Direktur Terestrial TNC Indonesia. Ia berharap moratorium kehutanan dilanjutkan dengan memperkuat aturan main. Itu bisa dengan meningkatkan penegakan hukum serta meninjau ulang izin izin dengan tata ruang maupun Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS). Selain itu dalam negosiasi global dan konferensi PBB untuk perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), Moratorium kehutanan merupakan salah satu komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai penurunan emisi 26-41 persen. “ Moratorium kesempatan pemerintah mengatasi kerusakan hutan dan meningkatkan citra pemerintah, “katanya.

Di sektor perikanan, Direktur Perikanan Berkelanjutan TNC Indonesia Peter Mous mengatakan, langkah moratorium izin perikanan tangkap oleh Menteri Susi sukses membawa efek kejut. “Moratorium memang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi. Kemudian harus ada metode efektif yang tak keras, tetapi stok ikan bisa pulih,” katanya. Moratorium perizinan diberlakukan bagi izin kapal besar berbobot lebih dari 30 gross ton. Selama moratorium kapal ikan eks asing, pemeritnah menverifikasi kapal-kapal itu (Sumber: Kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
4. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah ….

BACAAN 1
Upaya Indonesia memperbaiki tata kelola sumber daya alam melalui moratorium izin perikanan di laut dan izin kehutanan perlu diperbaiki. Langkah itu perlu segera dilakukan mengingat masing–masing kebijakan pemerintah akan berakhir dalam 1-2 bulan mendatang. “Moratorium tak hanya dilakukan untuk Indonesia, tetapi juga komitmen bagi dunia global,” kata Rizal Gamar, Country Director The Nature Concervacy-Indonesia di Jakarta. Saat ini, ancaman global perubahan iklim nyata. Itu bisa semakin parah ketika hutan tropis di Indonesia tak dikelola dengan baik.

Di hutan, masih terjadi tumpang tindih perizinan, pembalakan liar, dan konflik sosial. Di sector perikanan ditangkap, pencurian dan eksploitasi ikan membuat sebagian perairan Indonesia ada penangkapan berlebih. Selama ini, perairan Indonesia menyuplai kebutuhan ikan di berbagai belahan dunia. Namun, Sumber daya laut dan hutan yang menjadi modal alam Indonesia itu belum dimanfaatkan berkelanjutan. Pemerintah merespon kondisi itu dengan kebijakan moratorium izin kehutanan di hutan alam primer dan gambut sejak 2011 yang akan berakhir Mei 2015. Lalu, November 2014, Menteri Kelautan dan perikanan Susi Pudjiastuti menghentikan sementara izin perikanan tangkap yang berakhir April 2015. “Moratorium kehutanan belum dilakukan efektif. Namun, sayang kalau moratorium dihentikan, mengingat usahanya sudah sangat besar,” kata Herlina Hertanto, Direktur Terestrial TNC Indonesia. Ia berharap moratorium kehutanan dilanjutkan dengan memperkuat aturan main. Itu bisa dengan meningkatkan penegakan hukum serta meninjau ulang izin izin dengan tata ruang maupun Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS). Selain itu dalam negosiasi global dan konferensi PBB untuk perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), Moratorium kehutanan merupakan salah satu komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai penurunan emisi 26-41 persen. “ Moratorium kesempatan pemerintah mengatasi kerusakan hutan dan meningkatkan citra pemerintah, “katanya.

Di sektor perikanan, Direktur Perikanan Berkelanjutan TNC Indonesia Peter Mous mengatakan, langkah moratorium izin perikanan tangkap oleh Menteri Susi sukses membawa efek kejut. “Moratorium memang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi. Kemudian harus ada metode efektif yang tak keras, tetapi stok ikan bisa pulih,” katanya. Moratorium perizinan diberlakukan bagi izin kapal besar berbobot lebih dari 30 gross ton. Selama moratorium kapal ikan eks asing, pemeritnah menverifikasi kapal-kapal itu (Sumber: Kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
5. Yang bukan termasuk fakta pada bacaan di atas adalah ….

BACAAN 2
Kebutuhan air akan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Tapi, ironisnya ketersediaan air bersih yang layak konsumsi malah semakin menipis. Itu berarti bahwa suatu saat nanti penduduk Indonesia akan semakin sulit mendapatkan air bersih. Solusinya, menurut mantan pengurus Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane Dadang Hermawan, adalah mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan ait hujan. Sayangnya, air hujan yang semestinya bisa menjadi solusi malah menjelma menjadi buah simalakama. “Saat kemarau, masyarakat teriak-teriak kekurangan air. Ketika musim hujan datang, masyarakat juga teriak-teriak karena kebanjiran, “Katanya.

Hal itu bisa terjadi, kata dia, lantaran maraknya alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, perumahan, dan keperluan lainnya. Itu pula yang mengakibatkan resapan air tidak berfungsi secara optimal. Dadang memaparkan, sebagian besar air hujan semestinya meresap kedalam tanah untuk menjadi cadangan. Akan tetapi, yang terjadi malah sebaliknya. “Saat ini, 70 persen air hujan itu tergenang di permukaan sebelum dialirkan hingga kelautan. Otomatis, hanya 30 persen yang meresap,” terangnya. Padahal, idealnya tidak semua air hujan dialirkan ke sungai. Malahan akan lebih baik jika air hujan tersebut bisa ditampung.

Salah satu langkah yang bisa diambil, menurutnya, adalah pembuatan sumur imbuhan atau retensi. Dengan pengelolaan yang maksimal, air hujan bisa meringankan krisis air di Indonesia. Menurut pengamat lingkungan ini, dengan membuat penampungan air hujan ( sumur imbuhan ), warga bisa mengelola air baku secara mandiri belum lagi, pembuatan sumur imbuhan yang terhitung mudah dan sederhana harusnya bisa dilakukan setiap anggota masyarakat. Dadang berharap, penggunaan air tanah besar-besaran bisa diikuti dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang maksimal pula. Hal itu agar air hujan bisa meresap dan menjadi cadangan air demi terpenuhinya kebutuhan masyarakat. (Sumber: Republika, disesuaikan seperlunya)
6. Hal yang menyebabkan resapan air tidak berfungsi optimal adalah ….

BACAAN 2
Kebutuhan air akan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Tapi, ironisnya ketersediaan air bersih yang layak konsumsi malah semakin menipis. Itu berarti bahwa suatu saat nanti penduduk Indonesia akan semakin sulit mendapatkan air bersih. Solusinya, menurut mantan pengurus Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane Dadang Hermawan, adalah mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan ait hujan. Sayangnya, air hujan yang semestinya bisa menjadi solusi malah menjelma menjadi buah simalakama. “Saat kemarau, masyarakat teriak-teriak kekurangan air. Ketika musim hujan datang, masyarakat juga teriak-teriak karena kebanjiran, “Katanya.

Hal itu bisa terjadi, kata dia, lantaran maraknya alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, perumahan, dan keperluan lainnya. Itu pula yang mengakibatkan resapan air tidak berfungsi secara optimal. Dadang memaparkan, sebagian besar air hujan semestinya meresap kedalam tanah untuk menjadi cadangan. Akan tetapi, yang terjadi malah sebaliknya. “Saat ini, 70 persen air hujan itu tergenang di permukaan sebelum dialirkan hingga kelautan. Otomatis, hanya 30 persen yang meresap,” terangnya. Padahal, idealnya tidak semua air hujan dialirkan ke sungai. Malahan akan lebih baik jika air hujan tersebut bisa ditampung.

Salah satu langkah yang bisa diambil, menurutnya, adalah pembuatan sumur imbuhan atau retensi. Dengan pengelolaan yang maksimal, air hujan bisa meringankan krisis air di Indonesia. Menurut pengamat lingkungan ini, dengan membuat penampungan air hujan ( sumur imbuhan ), warga bisa mengelola air baku secara mandiri belum lagi, pembuatan sumur imbuhan yang terhitung mudah dan sederhana harusnya bisa dilakukan setiap anggota masyarakat. Dadang berharap, penggunaan air tanah besar-besaran bisa diikuti dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang maksimal pula. Hal itu agar air hujan bisa meresap dan menjadi cadangan air demi terpenuhinya kebutuhan masyarakat. (Sumber: Republika, disesuaikan seperlunya)
7. Judul yang tepat menggambarkan pesan dalam bacaan di atas adalah ….

BACAAN 2
Kebutuhan air akan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Tapi, ironisnya ketersediaan air bersih yang layak konsumsi malah semakin menipis. Itu berarti bahwa suatu saat nanti penduduk Indonesia akan semakin sulit mendapatkan air bersih. Solusinya, menurut mantan pengurus Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane Dadang Hermawan, adalah mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan ait hujan. Sayangnya, air hujan yang semestinya bisa menjadi solusi malah menjelma menjadi buah simalakama. “Saat kemarau, masyarakat teriak-teriak kekurangan air. Ketika musim hujan datang, masyarakat juga teriak-teriak karena kebanjiran, “Katanya.

Hal itu bisa terjadi, kata dia, lantaran maraknya alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, perumahan, dan keperluan lainnya. Itu pula yang mengakibatkan resapan air tidak berfungsi secara optimal. Dadang memaparkan, sebagian besar air hujan semestinya meresap kedalam tanah untuk menjadi cadangan. Akan tetapi, yang terjadi malah sebaliknya. “Saat ini, 70 persen air hujan itu tergenang di permukaan sebelum dialirkan hingga kelautan. Otomatis, hanya 30 persen yang meresap,” terangnya. Padahal, idealnya tidak semua air hujan dialirkan ke sungai. Malahan akan lebih baik jika air hujan tersebut bisa ditampung.

Salah satu langkah yang bisa diambil, menurutnya, adalah pembuatan sumur imbuhan atau retensi. Dengan pengelolaan yang maksimal, air hujan bisa meringankan krisis air di Indonesia. Menurut pengamat lingkungan ini, dengan membuat penampungan air hujan ( sumur imbuhan ), warga bisa mengelola air baku secara mandiri belum lagi, pembuatan sumur imbuhan yang terhitung mudah dan sederhana harusnya bisa dilakukan setiap anggota masyarakat. Dadang berharap, penggunaan air tanah besar-besaran bisa diikuti dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang maksimal pula. Hal itu agar air hujan bisa meresap dan menjadi cadangan air demi terpenuhinya kebutuhan masyarakat. (Sumber: Republika, disesuaikan seperlunya)
8. Menurut pendapat pakar yang dikutip pada bahan di atas, pembuatan sumur imbuhan itu
seharusnya

BACAAN 2
Kebutuhan air akan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Tapi, ironisnya ketersediaan air bersih yang layak konsumsi malah semakin menipis. Itu berarti bahwa suatu saat nanti penduduk Indonesia akan semakin sulit mendapatkan air bersih. Solusinya, menurut mantan pengurus Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane Dadang Hermawan, adalah mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan ait hujan. Sayangnya, air hujan yang semestinya bisa menjadi solusi malah menjelma menjadi buah simalakama. “Saat kemarau, masyarakat teriak-teriak kekurangan air. Ketika musim hujan datang, masyarakat juga teriak-teriak karena kebanjiran, “Katanya.

Hal itu bisa terjadi, kata dia, lantaran maraknya alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, perumahan, dan keperluan lainnya. Itu pula yang mengakibatkan resapan air tidak berfungsi secara optimal. Dadang memaparkan, sebagian besar air hujan semestinya meresap kedalam tanah untuk menjadi cadangan. Akan tetapi, yang terjadi malah sebaliknya. “Saat ini, 70 persen air hujan itu tergenang di permukaan sebelum dialirkan hingga kelautan. Otomatis, hanya 30 persen yang meresap,” terangnya. Padahal, idealnya tidak semua air hujan dialirkan ke sungai. Malahan akan lebih baik jika air hujan tersebut bisa ditampung.

Salah satu langkah yang bisa diambil, menurutnya, adalah pembuatan sumur imbuhan atau retensi. Dengan pengelolaan yang maksimal, air hujan bisa meringankan krisis air di Indonesia. Menurut pengamat lingkungan ini, dengan membuat penampungan air hujan ( sumur imbuhan ), warga bisa mengelola air baku secara mandiri belum lagi, pembuatan sumur imbuhan yang terhitung mudah dan sederhana harusnya bisa dilakukan setiap anggota masyarakat. Dadang berharap, penggunaan air tanah besar-besaran bisa diikuti dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang maksimal pula. Hal itu agar air hujan bisa meresap dan menjadi cadangan air demi terpenuhinya kebutuhan masyarakat. (Sumber: Republika, disesuaikan seperlunya)
9. Cadangan air di dalam tanah seharusnya ….

BACAAN 2
Kebutuhan air akan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Tapi, ironisnya ketersediaan air bersih yang layak konsumsi malah semakin menipis. Itu berarti bahwa suatu saat nanti penduduk Indonesia akan semakin sulit mendapatkan air bersih. Solusinya, menurut mantan pengurus Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung-Cisadane Dadang Hermawan, adalah mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan ait hujan. Sayangnya, air hujan yang semestinya bisa menjadi solusi malah menjelma menjadi buah simalakama. “Saat kemarau, masyarakat teriak-teriak kekurangan air. Ketika musim hujan datang, masyarakat juga teriak-teriak karena kebanjiran, “Katanya.

Hal itu bisa terjadi, kata dia, lantaran maraknya alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, perumahan, dan keperluan lainnya. Itu pula yang mengakibatkan resapan air tidak berfungsi secara optimal. Dadang memaparkan, sebagian besar air hujan semestinya meresap kedalam tanah untuk menjadi cadangan. Akan tetapi, yang terjadi malah sebaliknya. “Saat ini, 70 persen air hujan itu tergenang di permukaan sebelum dialirkan hingga kelautan. Otomatis, hanya 30 persen yang meresap,” terangnya. Padahal, idealnya tidak semua air hujan dialirkan ke sungai. Malahan akan lebih baik jika air hujan tersebut bisa ditampung.

Salah satu langkah yang bisa diambil, menurutnya, adalah pembuatan sumur imbuhan atau retensi. Dengan pengelolaan yang maksimal, air hujan bisa meringankan krisis air di Indonesia. Menurut pengamat lingkungan ini, dengan membuat penampungan air hujan ( sumur imbuhan ), warga bisa mengelola air baku secara mandiri belum lagi, pembuatan sumur imbuhan yang terhitung mudah dan sederhana harusnya bisa dilakukan setiap anggota masyarakat. Dadang berharap, penggunaan air tanah besar-besaran bisa diikuti dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang maksimal pula. Hal itu agar air hujan bisa meresap dan menjadi cadangan air demi terpenuhinya kebutuhan masyarakat. (Sumber: Republika, disesuaikan seperlunya)
10. Pernyataan yang tepat mendukung narasi pada paragraf pertama dan kedua adalah ….

BACAAN 1
Seiring berkembang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, peta digital semakin akrab digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peta digital dengan mudahnya berada dalam genggaman tangan, baik melalui telepon pintar (smartphone) serta computer tablet. Secara umum, pada saat ini peta digital sebagai alat navigasi telah dimanfaatkan dengan optimal, mulai dari berbagi lokasi, menelusuri lokasi, menghindari kemacetan, hingga mempromosikan objek menarik untuk dikunjungi. Kebanyakan peta digital sekarang ini yang semakin populer digunakan adalah untuk kepentingan navigasi (petunjuk arah), sehingga kelengkapan informasinya lebih diutamakan daripada ketelitian posisinya. Kesalah dengan kisaran 5-10 meter tentu tidak akan berakibat fatal untuk penggunaan umum seperti ini, asalkan informasi yang ditampilkan lengkap, baik itu jaringan jalannya yang mencakup sampai ke gang-gang sempit maupun fasilitas seperti ATM dan SPBU. Selain untuk kepentingan awam sehari-hari, peta digital merupakan bentuk berita geospasial sebenarnya yang sangat diperlukan untuk proses pembangunan. Proses perencanaan yang benar tentunya harus didasarkan pada informasi kewilayahan yang akurat dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Kegiatan seperti penanggulangan bencana dari mulai mitigasi, respon cepat, sampai dengan rehabilitasi/rekontruksi memerlukan peta yang cukup rinci. Proses pembangunan yang tidak tepat sasaran secara lokasi sering terjadi karena tidak digunakannya atau tidak tersedianya peta yang memadai.

Ketersedian peta digital saat ini tidak terlepas dari perkembangan teknologi geospasial diantaranya teknologi penginderaan jauh, sistem informasi geografis, dan GPS yang dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan survey dan pemetaan. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan menggunakan satelit penginderaan jauh (aktif atau pasif) maupun pemotretan udara memiliki kemampuan merekam atau memotret objek atau fenomena di bumi ini tanpa kontak langsung dengan objek atau fenomena yang diinderanya. Hasilnya berupa citra satelit atau foto udara yang menggambarkan objek di bumi. Selain itu dari data hasil penginderaan tersebut dapat pula diperoleh informasi ketinggian, baik berupa data digital terrain model (DTM), kontur maupun titik tinggi. Kegiatan survei dan pemetaan yang dilakukan berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah maupun swasta melahirkan tumpang tindih data dan kebingungan dalam menentukan data yang menjadi acuan bersama. Kebutuhan akan adanya satu referensi tunggal yang andal dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan semakin terasa ketika peta digital dimanfaatkan sebagai alat bantu perumusan kebijakan, pengambilan keputusan, dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

Toleransi akurasi 5 meter dalam penggunaan peta digital untuk navigasi masih dapat diterima oleh pengguna, akan tetapi pergeseran 5 meter dalam perencanaan pembangunan berdampak fatal, misalnya dalam penentuan pemindahan areal permukiman pada kawasan 5 meter sempadan sungai. Tumpang tindih izin pemanfaatan ruang semakin terlihat dampaknya dalam pembangunan jika berbagai data yang disusun tiap-tiap pihak tanpa adanya satu acuan sebagai data dasarnya. Untuk itu diperlukan satu referensi geospasial yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 tahun 2004 tentang sistem perencanaan pembangunan nasional mengamanatkan bahwa perencanaan melalui pengesahan Undang-undang RI Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang informasi Geospasial yang telah melewati masa transisi selama 3 tahun, maka undang-undang tentang informasi geospasial ni mulai berlaku secara penuh pada tanggal 21 April 2014 ini.

Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) sebagai lembaga pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab dalam pengaturan penyelenggaraan Informasi Geospasial (IG) berkewajiban menjalankan amanat undang-undang ini, yaitu menjamin ketersediaan dan akses IG yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, mewujudkan kebergunaan dan keberhasilan IG melalui kerjasama, koordinasi, integrasi, dan sinkronisasi, mendorong penggunaan IG dalam pemerintahan, dan kehidupan masyarakat, pembinaan kepada penyelenggara, pelaksana, dan pengguna IG, serta sebagai referensi tunggal di dalam bidang informasi geospasial. (sumber: kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
1. Judul yang tepat untuk bacaan diatas adalah

BACAAN 1
Seiring berkembang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, peta digital semakin akrab digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peta digital dengan mudahnya berada dalam genggaman tangan, baik melalui telepon pintar (smartphone) serta computer tablet. Secara umum, pada saat ini peta digital sebagai alat navigasi telah dimanfaatkan dengan optimal, mulai dari berbagi lokasi, menelusuri lokasi, menghindari kemacetan, hingga mempromosikan objek menarik untuk dikunjungi. Kebanyakan peta digital sekarang ini yang semakin populer digunakan adalah untuk kepentingan navigasi (petunjuk arah), sehingga kelengkapan informasinya lebih diutamakan daripada ketelitian posisinya. Kesalah dengan kisaran 5-10 meter tentu tidak akan berakibat fatal untuk penggunaan umum seperti ini, asalkan informasi yang ditampilkan lengkap, baik itu jaringan jalannya yang mencakup sampai ke gang-gang sempit maupun fasilitas seperti ATM dan SPBU. Selain untuk kepentingan awam sehari-hari, peta digital merupakan bentuk berita geospasial sebenarnya yang sangat diperlukan untuk proses pembangunan. Proses perencanaan yang benar tentunya harus didasarkan pada informasi kewilayahan yang akurat dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Kegiatan seperti penanggulangan bencana dari mulai mitigasi, respon cepat, sampai dengan rehabilitasi/rekontruksi memerlukan peta yang cukup rinci. Proses pembangunan yang tidak tepat sasaran secara lokasi sering terjadi karena tidak digunakannya atau tidak tersedianya peta yang memadai.

Ketersedian peta digital saat ini tidak terlepas dari perkembangan teknologi geospasial diantaranya teknologi penginderaan jauh, sistem informasi geografis, dan GPS yang dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan survey dan pemetaan. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan menggunakan satelit penginderaan jauh (aktif atau pasif) maupun pemotretan udara memiliki kemampuan merekam atau memotret objek atau fenomena di bumi ini tanpa kontak langsung dengan objek atau fenomena yang diinderanya. Hasilnya berupa citra satelit atau foto udara yang menggambarkan objek di bumi. Selain itu dari data hasil penginderaan tersebut dapat pula diperoleh informasi ketinggian, baik berupa data digital terrain model (DTM), kontur maupun titik tinggi. Kegiatan survei dan pemetaan yang dilakukan berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah maupun swasta melahirkan tumpang tindih data dan kebingungan dalam menentukan data yang menjadi acuan bersama. Kebutuhan akan adanya satu referensi tunggal yang andal dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan semakin terasa ketika peta digital dimanfaatkan sebagai alat bantu perumusan kebijakan, pengambilan keputusan, dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

Toleransi akurasi 5 meter dalam penggunaan peta digital untuk navigasi masih dapat diterima oleh pengguna, akan tetapi pergeseran 5 meter dalam perencanaan pembangunan berdampak fatal, misalnya dalam penentuan pemindahan areal permukiman pada kawasan 5 meter sempadan sungai. Tumpang tindih izin pemanfaatan ruang semakin terlihat dampaknya dalam pembangunan jika berbagai data yang disusun tiap-tiap pihak tanpa adanya satu acuan sebagai data dasarnya. Untuk itu diperlukan satu referensi geospasial yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 tahun 2004 tentang sistem perencanaan pembangunan nasional mengamanatkan bahwa perencanaan melalui pengesahan Undang-undang RI Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang informasi Geospasial yang telah melewati masa transisi selama 3 tahun, maka undang-undang tentang informasi geospasial ni mulai berlaku secara penuh pada tanggal 21 April 2014 ini.

Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) sebagai lembaga pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab dalam pengaturan penyelenggaraan Informasi Geospasial (IG) berkewajiban menjalankan amanat undang-undang ini, yaitu menjamin ketersediaan dan akses IG yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, mewujudkan kebergunaan dan keberhasilan IG melalui kerjasama, koordinasi, integrasi, dan sinkronisasi, mendorong penggunaan IG dalam pemerintahan, dan kehidupan masyarakat, pembinaan kepada penyelenggara, pelaksana, dan pengguna IG, serta sebagai referensi tunggal di dalam bidang informasi geospasial. (sumber: kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
2. Berikut ini yang bukan merupakan fungsi fungsi peta digital sebagaimana bacaan tersebut
diatas adalah …

BACAAN 1
Seiring berkembang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, peta digital semakin akrab digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peta digital dengan mudahnya berada dalam genggaman tangan, baik melalui telepon pintar (smartphone) serta computer tablet. Secara umum, pada saat ini peta digital sebagai alat navigasi telah dimanfaatkan dengan optimal, mulai dari berbagi lokasi, menelusuri lokasi, menghindari kemacetan, hingga mempromosikan objek menarik untuk dikunjungi. Kebanyakan peta digital sekarang ini yang semakin populer digunakan adalah untuk kepentingan navigasi (petunjuk arah), sehingga kelengkapan informasinya lebih diutamakan daripada ketelitian posisinya. Kesalah dengan kisaran 5-10 meter tentu tidak akan berakibat fatal untuk penggunaan umum seperti ini, asalkan informasi yang ditampilkan lengkap, baik itu jaringan jalannya yang mencakup sampai ke gang-gang sempit maupun fasilitas seperti ATM dan SPBU. Selain untuk kepentingan awam sehari-hari, peta digital merupakan bentuk berita geospasial sebenarnya yang sangat diperlukan untuk proses pembangunan. Proses perencanaan yang benar tentunya harus didasarkan pada informasi kewilayahan yang akurat dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Kegiatan seperti penanggulangan bencana dari mulai mitigasi, respon cepat, sampai dengan rehabilitasi/rekontruksi memerlukan peta yang cukup rinci. Proses pembangunan yang tidak tepat sasaran secara lokasi sering terjadi karena tidak digunakannya atau tidak tersedianya peta yang memadai.

Ketersedian peta digital saat ini tidak terlepas dari perkembangan teknologi geospasial diantaranya teknologi penginderaan jauh, sistem informasi geografis, dan GPS yang dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan survey dan pemetaan. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan menggunakan satelit penginderaan jauh (aktif atau pasif) maupun pemotretan udara memiliki kemampuan merekam atau memotret objek atau fenomena di bumi ini tanpa kontak langsung dengan objek atau fenomena yang diinderanya. Hasilnya berupa citra satelit atau foto udara yang menggambarkan objek di bumi. Selain itu dari data hasil penginderaan tersebut dapat pula diperoleh informasi ketinggian, baik berupa data digital terrain model (DTM), kontur maupun titik tinggi. Kegiatan survei dan pemetaan yang dilakukan berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah maupun swasta melahirkan tumpang tindih data dan kebingungan dalam menentukan data yang menjadi acuan bersama. Kebutuhan akan adanya satu referensi tunggal yang andal dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan semakin terasa ketika peta digital dimanfaatkan sebagai alat bantu perumusan kebijakan, pengambilan keputusan, dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

Toleransi akurasi 5 meter dalam penggunaan peta digital untuk navigasi masih dapat diterima oleh pengguna, akan tetapi pergeseran 5 meter dalam perencanaan pembangunan berdampak fatal, misalnya dalam penentuan pemindahan areal permukiman pada kawasan 5 meter sempadan sungai. Tumpang tindih izin pemanfaatan ruang semakin terlihat dampaknya dalam pembangunan jika berbagai data yang disusun tiap-tiap pihak tanpa adanya satu acuan sebagai data dasarnya. Untuk itu diperlukan satu referensi geospasial yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 tahun 2004 tentang sistem perencanaan pembangunan nasional mengamanatkan bahwa perencanaan melalui pengesahan Undang-undang RI Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang informasi Geospasial yang telah melewati masa transisi selama 3 tahun, maka undang-undang tentang informasi geospasial ni mulai berlaku secara penuh pada tanggal 21 April 2014 ini.

Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) sebagai lembaga pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab dalam pengaturan penyelenggaraan Informasi Geospasial (IG) berkewajiban menjalankan amanat undang-undang ini, yaitu menjamin ketersediaan dan akses IG yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, mewujudkan kebergunaan dan keberhasilan IG melalui kerjasama, koordinasi, integrasi, dan sinkronisasi, mendorong penggunaan IG dalam pemerintahan, dan kehidupan masyarakat, pembinaan kepada penyelenggara, pelaksana, dan pengguna IG, serta sebagai referensi tunggal di dalam bidang informasi geospasial. (sumber: kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
3. Pernyataan dibawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan pernyataan diatas adalah …

BACAAN 1
Seiring berkembang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, peta digital semakin akrab digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peta digital dengan mudahnya berada dalam genggaman tangan, baik melalui telepon pintar (smartphone) serta computer tablet. Secara umum, pada saat ini peta digital sebagai alat navigasi telah dimanfaatkan dengan optimal, mulai dari berbagi lokasi, menelusuri lokasi, menghindari kemacetan, hingga mempromosikan objek menarik untuk dikunjungi. Kebanyakan peta digital sekarang ini yang semakin populer digunakan adalah untuk kepentingan navigasi (petunjuk arah), sehingga kelengkapan informasinya lebih diutamakan daripada ketelitian posisinya. Kesalah dengan kisaran 5-10 meter tentu tidak akan berakibat fatal untuk penggunaan umum seperti ini, asalkan informasi yang ditampilkan lengkap, baik itu jaringan jalannya yang mencakup sampai ke gang-gang sempit maupun fasilitas seperti ATM dan SPBU. Selain untuk kepentingan awam sehari-hari, peta digital merupakan bentuk berita geospasial sebenarnya yang sangat diperlukan untuk proses pembangunan. Proses perencanaan yang benar tentunya harus didasarkan pada informasi kewilayahan yang akurat dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Kegiatan seperti penanggulangan bencana dari mulai mitigasi, respon cepat, sampai dengan rehabilitasi/rekontruksi memerlukan peta yang cukup rinci. Proses pembangunan yang tidak tepat sasaran secara lokasi sering terjadi karena tidak digunakannya atau tidak tersedianya peta yang memadai.

Ketersedian peta digital saat ini tidak terlepas dari perkembangan teknologi geospasial diantaranya teknologi penginderaan jauh, sistem informasi geografis, dan GPS yang dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan survey dan pemetaan. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan menggunakan satelit penginderaan jauh (aktif atau pasif) maupun pemotretan udara memiliki kemampuan merekam atau memotret objek atau fenomena di bumi ini tanpa kontak langsung dengan objek atau fenomena yang diinderanya. Hasilnya berupa citra satelit atau foto udara yang menggambarkan objek di bumi. Selain itu dari data hasil penginderaan tersebut dapat pula diperoleh informasi ketinggian, baik berupa data digital terrain model (DTM), kontur maupun titik tinggi. Kegiatan survei dan pemetaan yang dilakukan berbagai pihak, baik pemerintah maupun swasta melahirkan tumpang tindih data dan kebingungan dalam menentukan data yang menjadi acuan bersama. Kebutuhan akan adanya satu referensi tunggal yang andal dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan semakin terasa ketika peta digital dimanfaatkan sebagai alat bantu perumusan kebijakan, pengambilan keputusan, dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

Toleransi akurasi 5 meter dalam penggunaan peta digital untuk navigasi masih dapat diterima oleh pengguna, akan tetapi pergeseran 5 meter dalam perencanaan pembangunan berdampak fatal, misalnya dalam penentuan pemindahan areal permukiman pada kawasan 5 meter sempadan sungai. Tumpang tindih izin pemanfaatan ruang semakin terlihat dampaknya dalam pembangunan jika berbagai data yang disusun tiap-tiap pihak tanpa adanya satu acuan sebagai data dasarnya. Untuk itu diperlukan satu referensi geospasial yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 tahun 2004 tentang sistem perencanaan pembangunan nasional mengamanatkan bahwa perencanaan melalui pengesahan Undang-undang RI Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang informasi Geospasial yang telah melewati masa transisi selama 3 tahun, maka undang-undang tentang informasi geospasial ni mulai berlaku secara penuh pada tanggal 21 April 2014 ini.

Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) sebagai lembaga pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab dalam pengaturan penyelenggaraan Informasi Geospasial (IG) berkewajiban menjalankan amanat undang-undang ini, yaitu menjamin ketersediaan dan akses IG yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, mewujudkan kebergunaan dan keberhasilan IG melalui kerjasama, koordinasi, integrasi, dan sinkronisasi, mendorong penggunaan IG dalam pemerintahan, dan kehidupan masyarakat, pembinaan kepada penyelenggara, pelaksana, dan pengguna IG, serta sebagai referensi tunggal di dalam bidang informasi geospasial. (sumber: kompas, disesuaikan seperlunya)
4. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan diatas adalah …

BACAAN 2
Setelah mengalami defisit pada Januari 2014 lalu, neraca perdagangan pada Februari 2014 diperkirakan berpotensi surplus. Potensi surplus didasarkan pada kemungkinan membaiknya ekspor seiring meredanya dampak larangan ekspor mineral. Deputi Bidang Statistik Distribusi dan Jasa Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sasmito Hadi Wibowo menyampaikan kondisi neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 tidak akan seburuk Januari 2014, saat deficit tercatat sebesar USD 430,6 juta. Karena itu, kemungkinan neraca perdagangan surplus pun ada. Pernyataan Sasmito tersebut sejalan dengan proyeksi Bank Indonesia (BI) yang memperkirakan neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 surplus sekitar USD 700 juta. Kendati demikian, Sasmito mengatakan bahwa BPS belum bisa memberikan besaran surplus pada Februari 2014.Sebagai informasi, pemerintah melarang sepenuhnya ekspor mineral mentah per 12 Januari 2014. Larangan tersebut membuat nilai ekspor hanya tercatat USd 14,48 miliar. Angka tersebut turun 5,79% dibandingkan dengan Januari 2013. Pelemahan ekspor utamanya dodorong oleh penurunan ekspor mineral mentah. Pada Januari 2014 ekspor mineral mentah yang masuk dalam kelompok bijih, perak, dan abu logam hanya menembus USD 291,8 juta, turun 70,12% dibandingkan Desember 2013 (USD 977 juta). Dibandingkan Januari 2013, ekspor mineral mentah turun 34,8%. Sebelumnya BI menilai neraca perdagangan yang ada pada Januari 2014 mencatat defisit memang lebih dipengaruhi pola musiman yang menurunkan ekspor komoditas nonmigas utama dan dampak penerapan UU Minerba.

Sementara itu, ekspor manufaktur seperti mesin dan mekanik, produk kimia, dan produk dari logam pada Januari 2014 tumbuh cukup tinggi. Ke depan BI memperkirakan neraca perdagangan akan kembali mencatat surplus, bersumber dari membaiknya ekspor yang didorong oleh naiknya permintaan dari negara mitra dagang, serta terkendalinya impor sejalan dengan moderasi permintaan domestic. Sasmito meyakini bahwa nilai ekspor Februari 2014 akan mengalami penurunan dibandingkan Januari 2014 karena jumlah hari yang terdapat pada bulan Februari lebih sedikit dibandingkan bulan Januari. Selain itu, penurunan ekonomi China juga berpengaruh terhadap permintaan ekspor. Namun, nilai tukar rupiah yang terus melemah bisa mendukung nilai ekspor Indonesia. Sebaliknya, nilai impor bisa tertekan karena importir harus mengeluarkan biaya besar. Diharapkan BI dapat mengendalikannya dengan nilai valas. BI menyatakan bahwa rata-rata nilai tukar rupiah pada Februari 2014 adalah sebesar Rp 11.919 per dolar AS, menguat 2,20% dibandingkan dengan rata-rata rupiah pada Januari 2014 sebesar Rp 12.160 per dolar AS. Terlepas dari itu, BI menjanjikan tetap konsisten menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah sesuai dengan nilai fundamentalnya dan didukung berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pendalaman pasar valas. Sementara itu, Deputi Bidang Statistik Produksi BSP Adi Lumaksono mengatakan , bahwa ekspor otomotif kemungkinan menguat menyusul keputusan pabrikan mobil menjadikan Indonesia sebagai basis ekspor. Sebagai informasi, sejumlah pabrikan mobil mulai meningkatkan ekspornya. Toyota Vios misalnya sudah mulai mengekspor produknya ke Timur Tengah yang meliputi Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Yordania, Lebanon, dan Yaman. Adi menambahkan bahwa Indonesia adalah bagian dari negara yang memang merupakan basis ekspor sehingga potensi ekspornya dapat lebih besar. Indonesia juga memiliki sejumlah keunggulan sebagai basis ekspor dan tidak kalah dibandingkan negara lain yang menjadi basis ekspor seperti Thailand. Namun, Indonesia harus memperbaiki sejumlah persoalan seperti iklim investasi dan birokrasi karena jika dibandingkan dengan Thailand, kita juga mempunyai sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni.
5. Yang bukan fakta pada bacaan di atas adalah …….

BACAAN 2
Setelah mengalami defisit pada Januari 2014 lalu, neraca perdagangan pada Februari 2014 diperkirakan berpotensi surplus. Potensi surplus didasarkan pada kemungkinan membaiknya ekspor seiring meredanya dampak larangan ekspor mineral. Deputi Bidang Statistik Distribusi dan Jasa Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sasmito Hadi Wibowo menyampaikan kondisi neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 tidak akan seburuk Januari 2014, saat deficit tercatat sebesar USD 430,6 juta. Karena itu, kemungkinan neraca perdagangan surplus pun ada. Pernyataan Sasmito tersebut sejalan dengan proyeksi Bank Indonesia (BI) yang memperkirakan neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 surplus sekitar USD 700 juta. Kendati demikian, Sasmito mengatakan bahwa BPS belum bisa memberikan besaran surplus pada Februari 2014.Sebagai informasi, pemerintah melarang sepenuhnya ekspor mineral mentah per 12 Januari 2014. Larangan tersebut membuat nilai ekspor hanya tercatat USd 14,48 miliar. Angka tersebut turun 5,79% dibandingkan dengan Januari 2013. Pelemahan ekspor utamanya dodorong oleh penurunan ekspor mineral mentah. Pada Januari 2014 ekspor mineral mentah yang masuk dalam kelompok bijih, perak, dan abu logam hanya menembus USD 291,8 juta, turun 70,12% dibandingkan Desember 2013 (USD 977 juta). Dibandingkan Januari 2013, ekspor mineral mentah turun 34,8%. Sebelumnya BI menilai neraca perdagangan yang ada pada Januari 2014 mencatat defisit memang lebih dipengaruhi pola musiman yang menurunkan ekspor komoditas nonmigas utama dan dampak penerapan UU Minerba.

Sementara itu, ekspor manufaktur seperti mesin dan mekanik, produk kimia, dan produk dari logam pada Januari 2014 tumbuh cukup tinggi. Ke depan BI memperkirakan neraca perdagangan akan kembali mencatat surplus, bersumber dari membaiknya ekspor yang didorong oleh naiknya permintaan dari negara mitra dagang, serta terkendalinya impor sejalan dengan moderasi permintaan domestic. Sasmito meyakini bahwa nilai ekspor Februari 2014 akan mengalami penurunan dibandingkan Januari 2014 karena jumlah hari yang terdapat pada bulan Februari lebih sedikit dibandingkan bulan Januari. Selain itu, penurunan ekonomi China juga berpengaruh terhadap permintaan ekspor. Namun, nilai tukar rupiah yang terus melemah bisa mendukung nilai ekspor Indonesia. Sebaliknya, nilai impor bisa tertekan karena importir harus mengeluarkan biaya besar. Diharapkan BI dapat mengendalikannya dengan nilai valas. BI menyatakan bahwa rata-rata nilai tukar rupiah pada Februari 2014 adalah sebesar Rp 11.919 per dolar AS, menguat 2,20% dibandingkan dengan rata-rata rupiah pada Januari 2014 sebesar Rp 12.160 per dolar AS. Terlepas dari itu, BI menjanjikan tetap konsisten menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah sesuai dengan nilai fundamentalnya dan didukung berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pendalaman pasar valas. Sementara itu, Deputi Bidang Statistik Produksi BSP Adi Lumaksono mengatakan , bahwa ekspor otomotif kemungkinan menguat menyusul keputusan pabrikan mobil menjadikan Indonesia sebagai basis ekspor. Sebagai informasi, sejumlah pabrikan mobil mulai meningkatkan ekspornya. Toyota Vios misalnya sudah mulai mengekspor produknya ke Timur Tengah yang meliputi Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Yordania, Lebanon, dan Yaman. Adi menambahkan bahwa Indonesia adalah bagian dari negara yang memang merupakan basis ekspor sehingga potensi ekspornya dapat lebih besar. Indonesia juga memiliki sejumlah keunggulan sebagai basis ekspor dan tidak kalah dibandingkan negara lain yang menjadi basis ekspor seperti Thailand. Namun, Indonesia harus memperbaiki sejumlah persoalan seperti iklim investasi dan birokrasi karena jika dibandingkan dengan Thailand, kita juga mempunyai sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni.
6. Pernyataan di bawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …..

BACAAN 2
Setelah mengalami defisit pada Januari 2014 lalu, neraca perdagangan pada Februari 2014 diperkirakan berpotensi surplus. Potensi surplus didasarkan pada kemungkinan membaiknya ekspor seiring meredanya dampak larangan ekspor mineral. Deputi Bidang Statistik Distribusi dan Jasa Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sasmito Hadi Wibowo menyampaikan kondisi neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 tidak akan seburuk Januari 2014, saat deficit tercatat sebesar USD 430,6 juta. Karena itu, kemungkinan neraca perdagangan surplus pun ada. Pernyataan Sasmito tersebut sejalan dengan proyeksi Bank Indonesia (BI) yang memperkirakan neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 surplus sekitar USD 700 juta. Kendati demikian, Sasmito mengatakan bahwa BPS belum bisa memberikan besaran surplus pada Februari 2014.Sebagai informasi, pemerintah melarang sepenuhnya ekspor mineral mentah per 12 Januari 2014. Larangan tersebut membuat nilai ekspor hanya tercatat USd 14,48 miliar. Angka tersebut turun 5,79% dibandingkan dengan Januari 2013. Pelemahan ekspor utamanya dodorong oleh penurunan ekspor mineral mentah. Pada Januari 2014 ekspor mineral mentah yang masuk dalam kelompok bijih, perak, dan abu logam hanya menembus USD 291,8 juta, turun 70,12% dibandingkan Desember 2013 (USD 977 juta). Dibandingkan Januari 2013, ekspor mineral mentah turun 34,8%. Sebelumnya BI menilai neraca perdagangan yang ada pada Januari 2014 mencatat defisit memang lebih dipengaruhi pola musiman yang menurunkan ekspor komoditas nonmigas utama dan dampak penerapan UU Minerba.

Sementara itu, ekspor manufaktur seperti mesin dan mekanik, produk kimia, dan produk dari logam pada Januari 2014 tumbuh cukup tinggi. Ke depan BI memperkirakan neraca perdagangan akan kembali mencatat surplus, bersumber dari membaiknya ekspor yang didorong oleh naiknya permintaan dari negara mitra dagang, serta terkendalinya impor sejalan dengan moderasi permintaan domestic. Sasmito meyakini bahwa nilai ekspor Februari 2014 akan mengalami penurunan dibandingkan Januari 2014 karena jumlah hari yang terdapat pada bulan Februari lebih sedikit dibandingkan bulan Januari. Selain itu, penurunan ekonomi China juga berpengaruh terhadap permintaan ekspor. Namun, nilai tukar rupiah yang terus melemah bisa mendukung nilai ekspor Indonesia. Sebaliknya, nilai impor bisa tertekan karena importir harus mengeluarkan biaya besar. Diharapkan BI dapat mengendalikannya dengan nilai valas. BI menyatakan bahwa rata-rata nilai tukar rupiah pada Februari 2014 adalah sebesar Rp 11.919 per dolar AS, menguat 2,20% dibandingkan dengan rata-rata rupiah pada Januari 2014 sebesar Rp 12.160 per dolar AS. Terlepas dari itu, BI menjanjikan tetap konsisten menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah sesuai dengan nilai fundamentalnya dan didukung berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pendalaman pasar valas. Sementara itu, Deputi Bidang Statistik Produksi BSP Adi Lumaksono mengatakan , bahwa ekspor otomotif kemungkinan menguat menyusul keputusan pabrikan mobil menjadikan Indonesia sebagai basis ekspor. Sebagai informasi, sejumlah pabrikan mobil mulai meningkatkan ekspornya. Toyota Vios misalnya sudah mulai mengekspor produknya ke Timur Tengah yang meliputi Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Yordania, Lebanon, dan Yaman. Adi menambahkan bahwa Indonesia adalah bagian dari negara yang memang merupakan basis ekspor sehingga potensi ekspornya dapat lebih besar. Indonesia juga memiliki sejumlah keunggulan sebagai basis ekspor dan tidak kalah dibandingkan negara lain yang menjadi basis ekspor seperti Thailand. Namun, Indonesia harus memperbaiki sejumlah persoalan seperti iklim investasi dan birokrasi karena jika dibandingkan dengan Thailand, kita juga mempunyai sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni.
7. Kondisi negatif yang berhubungan dengan perdagangan Indonesia adalah ……

BACAAN 2
Setelah mengalami defisit pada Januari 2014 lalu, neraca perdagangan pada Februari 2014 diperkirakan berpotensi surplus. Potensi surplus didasarkan pada kemungkinan membaiknya ekspor seiring meredanya dampak larangan ekspor mineral. Deputi Bidang Statistik Distribusi dan Jasa Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sasmito Hadi Wibowo menyampaikan kondisi neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 tidak akan seburuk Januari 2014, saat deficit tercatat sebesar USD 430,6 juta. Karena itu, kemungkinan neraca perdagangan surplus pun ada. Pernyataan Sasmito tersebut sejalan dengan proyeksi Bank Indonesia (BI) yang memperkirakan neraca perdagangan Februari 2014 surplus sekitar USD 700 juta. Kendati demikian, Sasmito mengatakan bahwa BPS belum bisa memberikan besaran surplus pada Februari 2014.Sebagai informasi, pemerintah melarang sepenuhnya ekspor mineral mentah per 12 Januari 2014. Larangan tersebut membuat nilai ekspor hanya tercatat USd 14,48 miliar. Angka tersebut turun 5,79% dibandingkan dengan Januari 2013. Pelemahan ekspor utamanya dodorong oleh penurunan ekspor mineral mentah. Pada Januari 2014 ekspor mineral mentah yang masuk dalam kelompok bijih, perak, dan abu logam hanya menembus USD 291,8 juta, turun 70,12% dibandingkan Desember 2013 (USD 977 juta). Dibandingkan Januari 2013, ekspor mineral mentah turun 34,8%. Sebelumnya BI menilai neraca perdagangan yang ada pada Januari 2014 mencatat defisit memang lebih dipengaruhi pola musiman yang menurunkan ekspor komoditas nonmigas utama dan dampak penerapan UU Minerba.

Sementara itu, ekspor manufaktur seperti mesin dan mekanik, produk kimia, dan produk dari logam pada Januari 2014 tumbuh cukup tinggi. Ke depan BI memperkirakan neraca perdagangan akan kembali mencatat surplus, bersumber dari membaiknya ekspor yang didorong oleh naiknya permintaan dari negara mitra dagang, serta terkendalinya impor sejalan dengan moderasi permintaan domestic. Sasmito meyakini bahwa nilai ekspor Februari 2014 akan mengalami penurunan dibandingkan Januari 2014 karena jumlah hari yang terdapat pada bulan Februari lebih sedikit dibandingkan bulan Januari. Selain itu, penurunan ekonomi China juga berpengaruh terhadap permintaan ekspor. Namun, nilai tukar rupiah yang terus melemah bisa mendukung nilai ekspor Indonesia. Sebaliknya, nilai impor bisa tertekan karena importir harus mengeluarkan biaya besar. Diharapkan BI dapat mengendalikannya dengan nilai valas. BI menyatakan bahwa rata-rata nilai tukar rupiah pada Februari 2014 adalah sebesar Rp 11.919 per dolar AS, menguat 2,20% dibandingkan dengan rata-rata rupiah pada Januari 2014 sebesar Rp 12.160 per dolar AS. Terlepas dari itu, BI menjanjikan tetap konsisten menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah sesuai dengan nilai fundamentalnya dan didukung berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan pendalaman pasar valas. Sementara itu, Deputi Bidang Statistik Produksi BSP Adi Lumaksono mengatakan , bahwa ekspor otomotif kemungkinan menguat menyusul keputusan pabrikan mobil menjadikan Indonesia sebagai basis ekspor. Sebagai informasi, sejumlah pabrikan mobil mulai meningkatkan ekspornya. Toyota Vios misalnya sudah mulai mengekspor produknya ke Timur Tengah yang meliputi Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Yordania, Lebanon, dan Yaman. Adi menambahkan bahwa Indonesia adalah bagian dari negara yang memang merupakan basis ekspor sehingga potensi ekspornya dapat lebih besar. Indonesia juga memiliki sejumlah keunggulan sebagai basis ekspor dan tidak kalah dibandingkan negara lain yang menjadi basis ekspor seperti Thailand. Namun, Indonesia harus memperbaiki sejumlah persoalan seperti iklim investasi dan birokrasi karena jika dibandingkan dengan Thailand, kita juga mempunyai sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni.
8. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah ……..

BACAAN 3
Negeri ini membutuhkan lebih banyak orang yang bisa berbuat daripada pandai berdebat, bertindak dalam karya daripada hanya protes. Tidak banyak yang menyadari universitas hebat bukan hanya diukur dari jumlah publikasinya, melainkan juga dari jumlah paten dan impak pada komunitasnya. Pendidikan kita masih berkutat di seputar kertas. Kita belum mahir memindahkan pengetahuan dari buku teks ke lembar demi lembar kertas : makalah, karya ilmiah, skripsi atau tesis. Kita belum menanamnya dalam dalam tindakan memori otot, myelin. Seorang mahasiswa mendapat nilai A dalam kelas pemasaran bukan karena dia bisa menerapkan ilmu itu ke dalam hidupnya, minimal memasarkan dirinya, atau memasarkan produk orang lain, melainkan karena ia sudah bisa menulis isi buku ke lembar-lembar kertas ujian.

Pendidikan tinggi sebenarnya bisa dibagi dalam dua kelompok besar yaitu dasar dan terapan. Pendidikan dasar itulah yang kita kenal sejak SD yang mencakup matematika, kimia, biologi, fisika, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan psikologi. Terapannya bisa berkembang menjadi ilmu kedokteran, teknik sipil, ilmu komputer, manajemen, desain, perhotelan dan seterusnya. Kedua ilmu itu sangat dibutuhkan oleh bangsa untuk memajukan peradaban. Namun, investasi untuk membangun ilmu dasar amat besar, membutuhkan tradisi riset dan sumber daya manusia bermutu tinggi. Siapa menguasai ilmu dasar ibaratnya mampu menguasai dunia. Dengan bekal ilmu dasar yang kuat, bangsa yang besar membentuk ilmu terapan. Amerika serikat, jerman, dan inggris adalah Negara yang dibangun dengan keduanya. Namun, sebagian Negara di Eropa dan Asia memilih jalan lebih realistis yaitu fokus pada studi ilmu terapan. Swiss fokus dengan ilmu terapan dalam bidang manajemen perhotelan, kuliner, dan arloji. Thailand fokus dengan ilmu terapan pariwisata dan pertanian. Jepang fokus dengan elektronika. Singapura fokus dengan industri jasa keuangannya. Tentu terjadi pergaulan besar agar ilmu terapan dapat benar-benar diterapkan. Pada mulanya ilmu terapan dikembangkan di perguruan tinggi untuk mendapat dana riset dan menjembatani teori dan praktik. Akan tetapi, mindset para ilmuwan tetaplah ilmu dasar yang penekanannya ada pada metodologi dan statistik untuk mencari kebenaran ilmiah yang buntutnya ialah publikasi ilmiah.

Melalui pergaulan besar, program studi terapan berhasil keluar dari perangkap ilmu dasar. Ilmu komputer keluar dari Fakultas Matematika Manajemen menjadi sekolah bisnis. Dari lulusan dengan “keterampilan kertas”, mereka masuk pada karya akhir berupa aplikasi, portofolio, mock up, desain, dan laporan pemecahan masalah. Metodologi dipakai, tetapi validitas eksternal (impak dan aplikasi) diutamakan. Hanya pada program doktoral metodologi riset yang kuat diterapkan. Itu pun banyak ilmuwan terapan yang meminjam ilmu dasar atau ilmu terapan lain sehingga terbentuk program multidisiplin seperti arsitektur yang dijodohkan dengan antropologi atau arkeologi, akuntansi dengan ilmu keuangan.
9. Makna kata “keterampilan kertas” yang dimaksud pada bacaan diatas adalah sebagai
berikut, kecuali …

BACAAN 3
Negeri ini membutuhkan lebih banyak orang yang bisa berbuat daripada pandai berdebat, bertindak dalam karya daripada hanya protes. Tidak banyak yang menyadari universitas hebat bukan hanya diukur dari jumlah publikasinya, melainkan juga dari jumlah paten dan impak pada komunitasnya. Pendidikan kita masih berkutat di seputar kertas. Kita belum mahir memindahkan pengetahuan dari buku teks ke lembar demi lembar kertas : makalah, karya ilmiah, skripsi atau tesis. Kita belum menanamnya dalam dalam tindakan memori otot, myelin. Seorang mahasiswa mendapat nilai A dalam kelas pemasaran bukan karena dia bisa menerapkan ilmu itu ke dalam hidupnya, minimal memasarkan dirinya, atau memasarkan produk orang lain, melainkan karena ia sudah bisa menulis isi buku ke lembar-lembar kertas ujian.

Pendidikan tinggi sebenarnya bisa dibagi dalam dua kelompok besar yaitu dasar dan terapan. Pendidikan dasar itulah yang kita kenal sejak SD yang mencakup matematika, kimia, biologi, fisika, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan psikologi. Terapannya bisa berkembang menjadi ilmu kedokteran, teknik sipil, ilmu komputer, manajemen, desain, perhotelan dan seterusnya. Kedua ilmu itu sangat dibutuhkan oleh bangsa untuk memajukan peradaban. Namun, investasi untuk membangun ilmu dasar amat besar, membutuhkan tradisi riset dan sumber daya manusia bermutu tinggi. Siapa menguasai ilmu dasar ibaratnya mampu menguasai dunia. Dengan bekal ilmu dasar yang kuat, bangsa yang besar membentuk ilmu terapan. Amerika serikat, jerman, dan inggris adalah Negara yang dibangun dengan keduanya. Namun, sebagian Negara di Eropa dan Asia memilih jalan lebih realistis yaitu fokus pada studi ilmu terapan. Swiss fokus dengan ilmu terapan dalam bidang manajemen perhotelan, kuliner, dan arloji. Thailand fokus dengan ilmu terapan pariwisata dan pertanian. Jepang fokus dengan elektronika. Singapura fokus dengan industri jasa keuangannya. Tentu terjadi pergaulan besar agar ilmu terapan dapat benar-benar diterapkan. Pada mulanya ilmu terapan dikembangkan di perguruan tinggi untuk mendapat dana riset dan menjembatani teori dan praktik. Akan tetapi, mindset para ilmuwan tetaplah ilmu dasar yang penekanannya ada pada metodologi dan statistik untuk mencari kebenaran ilmiah yang buntutnya ialah publikasi ilmiah.

Melalui pergaulan besar, program studi terapan berhasil keluar dari perangkap ilmu dasar. Ilmu komputer keluar dari Fakultas Matematika Manajemen menjadi sekolah bisnis. Dari lulusan dengan “keterampilan kertas”, mereka masuk pada karya akhir berupa aplikasi, portofolio, mock up, desain, dan laporan pemecahan masalah. Metodologi dipakai, tetapi validitas eksternal (impak dan aplikasi) diutamakan. Hanya pada program doktoral metodologi riset yang kuat diterapkan. Itu pun banyak ilmuwan terapan yang meminjam ilmu dasar atau ilmu terapan lain sehingga terbentuk program multidisiplin seperti arsitektur yang dijodohkan dengan antropologi atau arkeologi, akuntansi dengan ilmu keuangan.
10. Pernyataan dibawah ini uang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 3
Negeri ini membutuhkan lebih banyak orang yang bisa berbuat daripada pandai berdebat, bertindak dalam karya daripada hanya protes. Tidak banyak yang menyadari universitas hebat bukan hanya diukur dari jumlah publikasinya, melainkan juga dari jumlah paten dan impak pada komunitasnya. Pendidikan kita masih berkutat di seputar kertas. Kita belum mahir memindahkan pengetahuan dari buku teks ke lembar demi lembar kertas : makalah, karya ilmiah, skripsi atau tesis. Kita belum menanamnya dalam dalam tindakan memori otot, myelin. Seorang mahasiswa mendapat nilai A dalam kelas pemasaran bukan karena dia bisa menerapkan ilmu itu ke dalam hidupnya, minimal memasarkan dirinya, atau memasarkan produk orang lain, melainkan karena ia sudah bisa menulis isi buku ke lembar-lembar kertas ujian.

Pendidikan tinggi sebenarnya bisa dibagi dalam dua kelompok besar yaitu dasar dan terapan. Pendidikan dasar itulah yang kita kenal sejak SD yang mencakup matematika, kimia, biologi, fisika, ekonomi, sosiologi, dan psikologi. Terapannya bisa berkembang menjadi ilmu kedokteran, teknik sipil, ilmu komputer, manajemen, desain, perhotelan dan seterusnya. Kedua ilmu itu sangat dibutuhkan oleh bangsa untuk memajukan peradaban. Namun, investasi untuk membangun ilmu dasar amat besar, membutuhkan tradisi riset dan sumber daya manusia bermutu tinggi. Siapa menguasai ilmu dasar ibaratnya mampu menguasai dunia. Dengan bekal ilmu dasar yang kuat, bangsa yang besar membentuk ilmu terapan. Amerika serikat, jerman, dan inggris adalah Negara yang dibangun dengan keduanya. Namun, sebagian Negara di Eropa dan Asia memilih jalan lebih realistis yaitu fokus pada studi ilmu terapan. Swiss fokus dengan ilmu terapan dalam bidang manajemen perhotelan, kuliner, dan arloji. Thailand fokus dengan ilmu terapan pariwisata dan pertanian. Jepang fokus dengan elektronika. Singapura fokus dengan industri jasa keuangannya. Tentu terjadi pergaulan besar agar ilmu terapan dapat benar-benar diterapkan. Pada mulanya ilmu terapan dikembangkan di perguruan tinggi untuk mendapat dana riset dan menjembatani teori dan praktik. Akan tetapi, mindset para ilmuwan tetaplah ilmu dasar yang penekanannya ada pada metodologi dan statistik untuk mencari kebenaran ilmiah yang buntutnya ialah publikasi ilmiah.

Melalui pergaulan besar, program studi terapan berhasil keluar dari perangkap ilmu dasar. Ilmu komputer keluar dari Fakultas Matematika Manajemen menjadi sekolah bisnis. Dari lulusan dengan “keterampilan kertas”, mereka masuk pada karya akhir berupa aplikasi, portofolio, mock up, desain, dan laporan pemecahan masalah. Metodologi dipakai, tetapi validitas eksternal (impak dan aplikasi) diutamakan. Hanya pada program doktoral metodologi riset yang kuat diterapkan. Itu pun banyak ilmuwan terapan yang meminjam ilmu dasar atau ilmu terapan lain sehingga terbentuk program multidisiplin seperti arsitektur yang dijodohkan dengan antropologi atau arkeologi, akuntansi dengan ilmu keuangan.
11. Berdasarkan bacaan diatas, berikut ini adalah fokus ilmu terapan yang dimiliki oleh tiap-tiap
negara, kecuali …

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C or D)! Reading 1 for question 161 – 166
Two American hunters are one big step closer to legally killing a pair of black rhinos in Namibia and bringing their body parts home as trophies. On Thursday, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced online that it was approving the hunters’ request to import trophies from two upcoming hunts sanctioned by the Namibian government. After sifting through thousands of citizen comments over the past several months, the U.S. federal agency defended its decision by saying the hunts, which are slated to raise money for conservation, are part of Namibia’s science-based management strategy for black rhinos. In short, the agency said the permit requests meet the legal standard of allowing limited hunting of an endangered species to benefit its conservation overall. There are about 4,000 to 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, down from 70,000 in the 1960s.

Hunter and reality TV host Corey Knowlton had applied for an import permit following his $350,000 winning bid for a hunting permit in Namibia at an auction last year held by the Dallas Safari Club. Hunter Michael Luzich of Las Vegas had also applied for a permit to import a trophy from another hunt in the African country. More than 135,000 people signed public petitions against the hunt or sent private comments to the agency, an unprecedented level of public interest. The Fish and Wildlife Service has declined to share the nature of the individual comments, but several animal advocacy groups have spoken out against the ruling.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals General Counsel Delcianna Winders stated that the foundation will be filling a lawsuit over this outrageous decision to allow two sports hunters to bring back the bodies of animals shot in cold blood to decorate their trophy walls. While according to Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the US Humane Society, the permits are fundamentally inconsistent with purpose of the Endangered Species Act, which is to conserve endangered species, not to authorize their slaughter and calls the agency’s decision “the worst sort of mixed message to give a green light to American trophy hunters to kill rhinos for their heads. “But the Fish and Wildlife Service argued that the money accrued from trophy hunting of black rhinos has been used to fund annual black rhino counts, improve rhino crime investigation and prosecution, and ensure the traceability of all rhino horn owned by Namibia.
161. What is the main idea of the first
paragraph?

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C or D)! Reading 1 for question 161 – 166
Two American hunters are one big step closer to legally killing a pair of black rhinos in Namibia and bringing their body parts home as trophies. On Thursday, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced online that it was approving the hunters’ request to import trophies from two upcoming hunts sanctioned by the Namibian government. After sifting through thousands of citizen comments over the past several months, the U.S. federal agency defended its decision by saying the hunts, which are slated to raise money for conservation, are part of Namibia’s science-based management strategy for black rhinos. In short, the agency said the permit requests meet the legal standard of allowing limited hunting of an endangered species to benefit its conservation overall. There are about 4,000 to 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, down from 70,000 in the 1960s.

Hunter and reality TV host Corey Knowlton had applied for an import permit following his $350,000 winning bid for a hunting permit in Namibia at an auction last year held by the Dallas Safari Club. Hunter Michael Luzich of Las Vegas had also applied for a permit to import a trophy from another hunt in the African country. More than 135,000 people signed public petitions against the hunt or sent private comments to the agency, an unprecedented level of public interest. The Fish and Wildlife Service has declined to share the nature of the individual comments, but several animal advocacy groups have spoken out against the ruling.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals General Counsel Delcianna Winders stated that the foundation will be filling a lawsuit over this outrageous decision to allow two sports hunters to bring back the bodies of animals shot in cold blood to decorate their trophy walls. While according to Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the US Humane Society, the permits are fundamentally inconsistent with purpose of the Endangered Species Act, which is to conserve endangered species, not to authorize their slaughter and calls the agency’s decision “the worst sort of mixed message to give a green light to American trophy hunters to kill rhinos for their heads. “But the Fish and Wildlife Service argued that the money accrued from trophy hunting of black rhinos has been used to fund annual black rhino counts, improve rhino crime investigation and prosecution, and ensure the traceability of all rhino horn owned by Namibia.
162. The word slated is closest meaning to ….

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C or D)! Reading 1 for question 161 – 166
Two American hunters are one big step closer to legally killing a pair of black rhinos in Namibia and bringing their body parts home as trophies. On Thursday, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced online that it was approving the hunters’ request to import trophies from two upcoming hunts sanctioned by the Namibian government. After sifting through thousands of citizen comments over the past several months, the U.S. federal agency defended its decision by saying the hunts, which are slated to raise money for conservation, are part of Namibia’s science-based management strategy for black rhinos. In short, the agency said the permit requests meet the legal standard of allowing limited hunting of an endangered species to benefit its conservation overall. There are about 4,000 to 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, down from 70,000 in the 1960s.

Hunter and reality TV host Corey Knowlton had applied for an import permit following his $350,000 winning bid for a hunting permit in Namibia at an auction last year held by the Dallas Safari Club. Hunter Michael Luzich of Las Vegas had also applied for a permit to import a trophy from another hunt in the African country. More than 135,000 people signed public petitions against the hunt or sent private comments to the agency, an unprecedented level of public interest. The Fish and Wildlife Service has declined to share the nature of the individual comments, but several animal advocacy groups have spoken out against the ruling.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals General Counsel Delcianna Winders stated that the foundation will be filling a lawsuit over this outrageous decision to allow two sports hunters to bring back the bodies of animals shot in cold blood to decorate their trophy walls. While according to Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the US Humane Society, the permits are fundamentally inconsistent with purpose of the Endangered Species Act, which is to conserve endangered species, not to authorize their slaughter and calls the agency’s decision “the worst sort of mixed message to give a green light to American trophy hunters to kill rhinos for their heads. “But the Fish and Wildlife Service argued that the money accrued from trophy hunting of black rhinos has been used to fund annual black rhino counts, improve rhino crime investigation and prosecution, and ensure the traceability of all rhino horn owned by Namibia.
163. It can be inferred from the passage that the
public’s reaction to the Black Rhinos hunts
is ….

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C or D)! Reading 1 for question 161 – 166
Two American hunters are one big step closer to legally killing a pair of black rhinos in Namibia and bringing their body parts home as trophies. On Thursday, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced online that it was approving the hunters’ request to import trophies from two upcoming hunts sanctioned by the Namibian government. After sifting through thousands of citizen comments over the past several months, the U.S. federal agency defended its decision by saying the hunts, which are slated to raise money for conservation, are part of Namibia’s science-based management strategy for black rhinos. In short, the agency said the permit requests meet the legal standard of allowing limited hunting of an endangered species to benefit its conservation overall. There are about 4,000 to 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, down from 70,000 in the 1960s.

Hunter and reality TV host Corey Knowlton had applied for an import permit following his $350,000 winning bid for a hunting permit in Namibia at an auction last year held by the Dallas Safari Club. Hunter Michael Luzich of Las Vegas had also applied for a permit to import a trophy from another hunt in the African country. More than 135,000 people signed public petitions against the hunt or sent private comments to the agency, an unprecedented level of public interest. The Fish and Wildlife Service has declined to share the nature of the individual comments, but several animal advocacy groups have spoken out against the ruling.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals General Counsel Delcianna Winders stated that the foundation will be filling a lawsuit over this outrageous decision to allow two sports hunters to bring back the bodies of animals shot in cold blood to decorate their trophy walls. While according to Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the US Humane Society, the permits are fundamentally inconsistent with purpose of the Endangered Species Act, which is to conserve endangered species, not to authorize their slaughter and calls the agency’s decision “the worst sort of mixed message to give a green light to American trophy hunters to kill rhinos for their heads. “But the Fish and Wildlife Service argued that the money accrued from trophy hunting of black rhinos has been used to fund annual black rhino counts, improve rhino crime investigation and prosecution, and ensure the traceability of all rhino horn owned by Namibia.
164. Which of the following is NOT the
description of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
service?

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C or D)! Reading 1 for question 161 – 166
Two American hunters are one big step closer to legally killing a pair of black rhinos in Namibia and bringing their body parts home as trophies. On Thursday, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced online that it was approving the hunters’ request to import trophies from two upcoming hunts sanctioned by the Namibian government. After sifting through thousands of citizen comments over the past several months, the U.S. federal agency defended its decision by saying the hunts, which are slated to raise money for conservation, are part of Namibia’s science-based management strategy for black rhinos. In short, the agency said the permit requests meet the legal standard of allowing limited hunting of an endangered species to benefit its conservation overall. There are about 4,000 to 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, down from 70,000 in the 1960s.

Hunter and reality TV host Corey Knowlton had applied for an import permit following his $350,000 winning bid for a hunting permit in Namibia at an auction last year held by the Dallas Safari Club. Hunter Michael Luzich of Las Vegas had also applied for a permit to import a trophy from another hunt in the African country. More than 135,000 people signed public petitions against the hunt or sent private comments to the agency, an unprecedented level of public interest. The Fish and Wildlife Service has declined to share the nature of the individual comments, but several animal advocacy groups have spoken out against the ruling.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals General Counsel Delcianna Winders stated that the foundation will be filling a lawsuit over this outrageous decision to allow two sports hunters to bring back the bodies of animals shot in cold blood to decorate their trophy walls. While according to Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the US Humane Society, the permits are fundamentally inconsistent with purpose of the Endangered Species Act, which is to conserve endangered species, not to authorize their slaughter and calls the agency’s decision “the worst sort of mixed message to give a green light to American trophy hunters to kill rhinos for their heads. “But the Fish and Wildlife Service argued that the money accrued from trophy hunting of black rhinos has been used to fund annual black rhino counts, improve rhino crime investigation and prosecution, and ensure the traceability of all rhino horn owned by Namibia.
165. Why did U.S. Fish and Wildlife service
approve the hunters’ request?

READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C or D)! Reading 1 for question 161 – 166
Two American hunters are one big step closer to legally killing a pair of black rhinos in Namibia and bringing their body parts home as trophies. On Thursday, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced online that it was approving the hunters’ request to import trophies from two upcoming hunts sanctioned by the Namibian government. After sifting through thousands of citizen comments over the past several months, the U.S. federal agency defended its decision by saying the hunts, which are slated to raise money for conservation, are part of Namibia’s science-based management strategy for black rhinos. In short, the agency said the permit requests meet the legal standard of allowing limited hunting of an endangered species to benefit its conservation overall. There are about 4,000 to 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, down from 70,000 in the 1960s.

Hunter and reality TV host Corey Knowlton had applied for an import permit following his $350,000 winning bid for a hunting permit in Namibia at an auction last year held by the Dallas Safari Club. Hunter Michael Luzich of Las Vegas had also applied for a permit to import a trophy from another hunt in the African country. More than 135,000 people signed public petitions against the hunt or sent private comments to the agency, an unprecedented level of public interest. The Fish and Wildlife Service has declined to share the nature of the individual comments, but several animal advocacy groups have spoken out against the ruling.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals General Counsel Delcianna Winders stated that the foundation will be filling a lawsuit over this outrageous decision to allow two sports hunters to bring back the bodies of animals shot in cold blood to decorate their trophy walls. While according to Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the US Humane Society, the permits are fundamentally inconsistent with purpose of the Endangered Species Act, which is to conserve endangered species, not to authorize their slaughter and calls the agency’s decision “the worst sort of mixed message to give a green light to American trophy hunters to kill rhinos for their heads. “But the Fish and Wildlife Service argued that the money accrued from trophy hunting of black rhinos has been used to fund annual black rhino counts, improve rhino crime investigation and prosecution, and ensure the traceability of all rhino horn owned by Namibia.
166. The word their in line 19 refers to ….

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
167. Dearth could best be replaced by ….

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
168. The word it refers to ….

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
169. Which of the following is NOT the way to
raise funds to build the monument?

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
170. In which subject this passage will likely be
discussed?

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
171. Which of the following best describes the
topic of the passage?

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
172. The word jurisdiction is closest in meaning
to ….

Reading 2 for question 167 – 173
Frenchman Edouardo de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865. Ten years later, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort between America and France.

It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, dearth of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Open. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, art exhibition, auctions, and prizefights assisted tin providing needed funds. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885, and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886.

The Statue was completed in France in July 1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.” In transit, it was reduced to 350 individual places and packed in 214 crates. It was reassembled on its new pedestal in four months’ time. On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectator.

The United States Lighthouse Board had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of the Liberty until 1901, when the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue Liberty within it) as a National Monument on October 15, 1924, and the monument’s boundary was set at the outer edge of Fort Wood. In 1933, the care and administration of the National Monument was transferred to the National Park Service.

On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe’s Island and in 1965, the island’s name was changed to Liberty Island. On May 11, 1965, Ellis Island was also transferred to the National Park Service and became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.
Source: The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. 2015
173. According to the passage, the creation of
the statue was completed in ….

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
174. The word they rrefers to ….

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
175. What is the main idea of the first
paragraph?

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
176. The word plaguing is closest in meaning to
….

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
177. Where does Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
raise their larvas?

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
178. Which of the following is NOT the
description of ZIKA?

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
179. Zika cause significant effects, especially to?

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
How do you stop disease-carrying mosquitoes from multiplying? That’s the question plaguing the Brazilian government, which has been sending army soldiers door to door on a mission to fight ZIka –the virus suspected of causing microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. They are giving leaflets saying that people should have to keep your backyard clean from rubbish, said photographer Tomas Munita, who has been documenting Recife, a northeastern state capital with a population of 3.7 million. Any stray items left outside, even a bottle cap, can collect rainwater and become a breeding ground for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that are thought to be the main carriers of Zika.

But in Brazil’s favelas, or poor neighborhoods, Munita says it’s hard to imagine that the government’s information campaign will have much effect. It’s almost impossible to control something like that in that kind of place he said. Many houses in the favelas are makeshift shacks of cardboard and discarded sheet metal. With limited access to clean water and garbage collection, trash piles up and collects water, creating a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

The mosquito scourge goes far beyond these tight-packed neighborhoods. Aedes aegypti has been incredibly hard to kill since it arrived in Latin America with slave trade from Africa. Huge eradication programs in the 1950s stamped out the mosquito in some countries, only to have them surge back 1970s and ‘80s. Even the country’s health minister, Marcelo Castro, has been quoted as saying that Brazil is “badly losing the battle” against mosquitoes, which aren’t just a threat because they could carry Zika. In Recife, Munita says that some people who aren’t pregnant fear catching cikungunya and dengue from mosquitoes more than Zika, since those disease cause more severe illness.
180. It can be inferred from the passage that
Brazilian government is ….

1. Berdasarkan paragraf 1, mana di bawah ini alasan
kereta api sebagai sarana transportasi pilihan yang
SALAH?

2. Berdasarkan paragraf 2, mana simpulan yang
BENAR?

3. Berdasarkan tabel, mana simpulan yang BENAR?

4. Berdasarkan grafik, selisih jumlah penumpang
tujuan dalam kota dan luar kota adalah …

5. Berdasarkan paragraf 4, mana pernyataan yang
BENAR?

6. Berdasarkan paragraf 4, mana simpulan yang BENAR?

7. Berdasarkan tabel, urutan meningkat atau
menurunnya jumlah penumpang kereta api
berdasarkan tujuannya adalah …

8. Gagasan pokok bacaan di atas berisi tentang …

9. Pernyataan yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di
atas adalah …

10. Pertanyaan yang jawabannya tidak terdapat dalam
bacaan adalah …

11. Berdasarkan grafik, riwayat kegempaan mengalami
peningkatan pada …

12. Berdasarkan gambar grafik, riwayat kegempaan
didominasi oleh …

13. Berdasarkan gambar grafik, gempa tektonik lokal
berada pada posisi tertinggi pada tanggal …

14. Berdasarkan gambar grafik, pernyataan yang benar
adalah …

16. Mana di antara nilai berikut yang terkecil?

17. 8, 7, 7, 6, 8, 8, 4, 9, 9, x, y, z
Bilangan yang tepat untuk menggantikan nilai x, y,
dan z berturut-turut adalah …

18. 52, 53, 56, 61, 68, 77, x
Bilangan yang tepat untuk menggantikan nilai x
adalah …

1. Berdasarkan paragraf 1, mana di bawah ini pernyataan
yang BENAR?

2. Berdasarkan paragraf 2, apabila dalam
perkembangannya, pengguna narkoba sudah
merambah para remaja dan masyarakat kelas
menengah ke bawah, mana di bawah ini simpulan
yang PALING MUNGKIN benar?

3. Berdasarkan Tabel 1, pada rentang usia berapa
jumlah pengguna narkoba yang pernah mengalami
kenaikan jumlah sekitar lebih dari 50%?

4. Berdasarkan paragraf 2, hal ironis yang dimaksud
adalah …

5. Berdasarkan Tabel 1, mana simpulan yang
BENAR?

6. Berdasarkan paragraf 1, mana di bawah ini sebagai
potensi wisata Indonesia yang TIDAK BENAR?

7. Berdasarkan paragraf 2, mana pintu masuk utama
wisatawan mancanegara ke Indonesia di bawah ini
yang TIDAK BENAR?

8. Berdasarkan Grafik 1, pada rentang tahun berapa
peningkatan jumlah wisatawan mancanegara
terbesar?

9. Berdasarkan paragraf 3, mana simpulan yang
BENAR?

10. Berdasarkan Grafik 2, mana selisih angka kedatangan
wisman terbesar yang BENAR?

11. Waktu di kota A adalah 3 jam lebih cepat dari kota
B. Sebuah pesawat terbang berangkat dari kota A
menuju kota B pada pukul 5 pagi dan tiba di kota
B 4 jam kemudian. Pada pukul berapa pesawat
tersebut tiba di kota B waktu setempat?

12. Jika 11 + 5 = 19; 7 + 9 = 20; dan 13 + 15 = 33, maka
22 + 8 = …

13. Seorang petani dengan cara manual dapat menggarap
sawah seluas 600 m2 selama 6 jam dan bila dia
menggunakan traktor, maka waktu yang dibutuhkan
3 jam saja. Pada suatu saat, setelah menggunakan
traktor selama 1 jam 30 menit, traktor tersebut rusak
dan petani tersebut terpaksa harus menyelesaikan
secara manual dengan menggunakan cangkul. Berapa
lama waktu yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan
pekerjaan tersebut?

14. Pada 2002, usia seorang anak sama dengan
seperempat usia ibunya (dalam tahun). Jika pada
2006 usia anak tersebut sepertiga usia ibunya, maka
anak tersebut sebenarnya lahir pada …

15. Jika BUMI = 45, sementara BULAN = 50, maka
MATAHARI = …

Another of the processes that affects the number of species on earth is
extinction, which refers to the situation in which a species ceases to exist.
When environmental conditions change, a species needs to adapt to the new
environmental conditions, or it may become extinct. Extinction of a species is
not a rare occurrence but is instead a rather commonplace one: it has been
estimated that more than 99 percent of the species that have ever existed
have become extinct. Extinction may occur when a species fails to adapt to
evolving environmental conditions in a limited area, a process known as
background extinction. In contrast, a broader and more abrupt extinction,
known as mass extinction, may happen as a result of a catastrophic event or
global climatic change. When such event or change occurs, some species are
able to adapt to the new environment, while those that are unable to adapt
become extinct. From fossil evidence, it appears that at least five great mass
extinctions have occurred; the last mass extinction occurred 65 million years
ago, when the dinosaurs became extinct after 140 million years of existence
on earth, marking the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the
Cenozoic Era.
11.What is the topic of the paragraph?

Another of the processes that affects the number of species on earth is
extinction, which refers to the situation in which a species ceases to exist.
When environmental conditions change, a species needs to adapt to the new
environmental conditions, or it may become extinct. Extinction of a species is
not a rare occurrence but is instead a rather commonplace one: it has been
estimated that more than 99 percent of the species that have ever existed
have become extinct. Extinction may occur when a species fails to adapt to
evolving environmental conditions in a limited area, a process known as
background extinction. In contrast, a broader and more abrupt extinction,
known as mass extinction, may happen as a result of a catastrophic event or
global climatic change. When such event or change occurs, some species are
able to adapt to the new environment, while those that are unable to adapt
become extinct. From fossil evidence, it appears that at least five great mass
extinctions have occurred; the last mass extinction occurred 65 million years
ago, when the dinosaurs became extinct after 140 million years of existence
on earth, marking the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the
Cenozoic Era.
12.The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses _____

_______________ To some extent the comparison is apt, and to a degree it is
helpful in understanding what an actor does when he is creating and
performing a role. With his kings and queens, his cowboys and Indians, or his
spacemen, the child projects himself into a make-believe world. From his
imagination—triggered by his own experience, limited though it may be—he
provides circumstances of time, place, and relationships between the
characters. He then proceeds to behave, that is, to speak and to perform
physical actions, in a manner that he believes is appropriate to these
circumstances. If the game is to prove interesting, these circumstances must
provide a reason for carrying out the actions. He has to rescue the princess
from the enchanted castle, or rid the town of dangerous bandits, or get his
spaceship into orbit without being detected by the enemy. A child with
imagination can become involved in such a game to the extent that it has for
him a degree of reality, and he may become resentful of adults who intrude
into his make-believe world.
13.The paragraph should begin with ____

_______________ To some extent the comparison is apt, and to a degree it is
helpful in understanding what an actor does when he is creating and
performing a role. With his kings and queens, his cowboys and Indians, or his
spacemen, the child projects himself into a make-believe world. From his
imagination—triggered by his own experience, limited though it may be—he
provides circumstances of time, place, and relationships between the
characters. He then proceeds to behave, that is, to speak and to perform
physical actions, in a manner that he believes is appropriate to these
circumstances. If the game is to prove interesting, these circumstances must
provide a reason for carrying out the actions. He has to rescue the princess
from the enchanted castle, or rid the town of dangerous bandits, or get his
spaceship into orbit without being detected by the enemy. A child with
imagination can become involved in such a game to the extent that it has for
him a degree of reality, and he may become resentful of adults who intrude
into his make-believe world.
14.The paragraph following the above most likely discusses _____.

…. (1) Every culture interprets body language, gestures, posture and carriage,
vocal noises, and degree of eye contact differently. (2) A poor traveler might
have expected that nodding his or her head up and down or giving a thumbs
up would indicate yes. (3) However, in the Middle East, nodding the head
down indicates agreement, while nodding it up is a sign of disagreement. (4)
In Japan, an up-and-down nod might just be a signal that someone is
listening. (5) Yet, saying ’thank you’ to appreciate someone signals the
same meaning. (6) The thumbs-up signal is vulgar in Iran. (7) Point with the
wrong finger or with anything less than your entire hand and you risk
offending somebody. (8) While some cultures value eye contact as a sign of
respect, averting your eyes may be the sign of respect in others. (9) In some
places, people value a certain degree of personal space in conversation, while
those from the Middle East might get right up in your face when they want to
converse. (10) Restrain the desire to pat a child on the head in Asia; there’s a
belief that such a touch would damage the child’s soul. (11) Clearly body
language expresses different things in other countries.
15.The paragraph should begin with …

…. (1) Every culture interprets body language, gestures, posture and carriage,
vocal noises, and degree of eye contact differently. (2) A poor traveler might
have expected that nodding his or her head up and down or giving a thumbs
up would indicate yes. (3) However, in the Middle East, nodding the head
down indicates agreement, while nodding it up is a sign of disagreement. (4)
In Japan, an up-and-down nod might just be a signal that someone is
listening. (5) Yet, saying ’thank you’ to appreciate someone signals the
same meaning. (6) The thumbs-up signal is vulgar in Iran. (7) Point with the
wrong finger or with anything less than your entire hand and you risk
offending somebody. (8) While some cultures value eye contact as a sign of
respect, averting your eyes may be the sign of respect in others. (9) In some
places, people value a certain degree of personal space in conversation, while
those from the Middle East might get right up in your face when they want to
converse. (10) Restrain the desire to pat a child on the head in Asia; there’s a
belief that such a touch would damage the child’s soul. (11) Clearly body
language expresses different things in other countries.
16.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

Journalism in the modern sense is one of the younger professions. The first
prototype of the modern newspaper was the series of public announcements,
known during the Roman Empire as the Acta Diurna and later in Venice as the
Gazzetta. Similar official reports were made in China, where the earliest
newspaper, the Tching-pao, or News of the Palace, began its daily appearance
in Peking in the middle of the 8th century A.D. Until the invention of printing,
however, the dissemination of news was largely dependent upon private
correspondence or word of mouth. The invention of printing from movable
type by Johann Gutenberg in Mainz about 1450 revolutionized the spreading
of news. According to one tradition, the first printed newssheet appeared at
Nuremberg in 1457. The letter of Christopher Columbus announcing in 1493
the results of his first expedition to the New World was distributed as a news
broadside, as was the announcement of the British triumph over the Spanish
Armada in July 1588. Some 800 of these occasional newssheets, all printed
before 1610, are extant in libraries. This kind of publishing became a profitable
business, and as a result the reporting of news spread rapidly throughout
Europe.
17.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

Journalism in the modern sense is one of the younger professions. The first
prototype of the modern newspaper was the series of public announcements,
known during the Roman Empire as the Acta Diurna and later in Venice as the
Gazzetta. Similar official reports were made in China, where the earliest
newspaper, the Tching-pao, or News of the Palace, began its daily appearance
in Peking in the middle of the 8th century A.D. Until the invention of printing,
however, the dissemination of news was largely dependent upon private
correspondence or word of mouth. The invention of printing from movable
type by Johann Gutenberg in Mainz about 1450 revolutionized the spreading
of news. According to one tradition, the first printed newssheet appeared at
Nuremberg in 1457. The letter of Christopher Columbus announcing in 1493
the results of his first expedition to the New World was distributed as a news
broadside, as was the announcement of the British triumph over the Spanish
Armada in July 1588. Some 800 of these occasional newssheets, all printed
before 1610, are extant in libraries. This kind of publishing became a profitable
business, and as a result the reporting of news spread rapidly throughout
Europe.
18.The following paragraph most likely discusses …

(1) The mirror test is a test to determine whether an animal can recognize its
own reflection in a mirror as an image of itself. (2) Gordon Gallup Jr.
accomplished a way to determine whether an animal can recognize its own
reflection or not by surreptitiously marking the animal with two odorless dye
spots. (3) The test spot is on a part of the animal that is visible in front of a
mirror and the other control spot is in an accessible but hidden part of the
animal’s body. (4) The test was developed based on observations made by
Charles Darwin to animal reactions to its reflection on the mirror. (5) Scientists
then observe whether the animal reacts in a manner consistent with being
aware that the test dye is located on its own body while ignoring the control
dye not visible in front of the mirror. (6) The animals which pass the mirror test
as being self-aware will exhibit behavior including turning and adjusting its
body in order to get a better view of the marking in the mirror, or poking at
the marking on its own body with a limb while observing it from the mirror.
19.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

(1) The mirror test is a test to determine whether an animal can recognize its
own reflection in a mirror as an image of itself. (2) Gordon Gallup Jr.
accomplished a way to determine whether an animal can recognize its own
reflection or not by surreptitiously marking the animal with two odorless dye
spots. (3) The test spot is on a part of the animal that is visible in front of a
mirror and the other control spot is in an accessible but hidden part of the
animal’s body. (4) The test was developed based on observations made by
Charles Darwin to animal reactions to its reflection on the mirror. (5) Scientists
then observe whether the animal reacts in a manner consistent with being
aware that the test dye is located on its own body while ignoring the control
dye not visible in front of the mirror. (6) The animals which pass the mirror test
as being self-aware will exhibit behavior including turning and adjusting its
body in order to get a better view of the marking in the mirror, or poking at
the marking on its own body with a limb while observing it from the mirror.
20.The paragraph that follows this text most likely discusses …

(1) More often than not, disagreements are based not on differences in
reasoning, but in the values, assumptions, or information brought to bear. (2)
If we believe that all politicians are crooks, we will infer that a specific
politician’s actions are scurrilous. (3) If we believe that politicians act for the
good of all, we will look for some benefit in their actions. (4) Either way, we
will try to use reason to explain the actions. (5) We will look for some coherent
explanation as away of making sense of things. (6) As we saw earlier, if we can
understand why someone would do something, why someone might say
something, why someone might act in a certain way, we feel we have made
sense of the act or statement. (7) It’s like a murder trial: if we can put
together opportunity, motive, and means, we can make a case. (8)The more
evidence we have before us, and the more carefully we reason, the more valid
our inferences. (9) Our inferences are not based on evidence. (10) This
principle is also relevant in reading a text.
21.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

(1) More often than not, disagreements are based not on differences in
reasoning, but in the values, assumptions, or information brought to bear. (2)
If we believe that all politicians are crooks, we will infer that a specific
politician’s actions are scurrilous. (3) If we believe that politicians act for the
good of all, we will look for some benefit in their actions. (4) Either way, we
will try to use reason to explain the actions. (5) We will look for some coherent
explanation as away of making sense of things. (6) As we saw earlier, if we can
understand why someone would do something, why someone might say
something, why someone might act in a certain way, we feel we have made
sense of the act or statement. (7) It’s like a murder trial: if we can put
together opportunity, motive, and means, we can make a case. (8)The more
evidence we have before us, and the more carefully we reason, the more valid
our inferences. (9) Our inferences are not based on evidence. (10) This
principle is also relevant in reading a text.
22.The following paragraph most likely discusses …

(1) Wild animals have been kept in captivity for thousands of years, often as
symbols of power or religious significance. (2) However, what is now
recognized as the modern zoo was developed in the early part of the 19th
century with London, Paris and Dublin zoos opening within a few years of
each other. (3) This coincided with the Victorian fascination with natural
history and increasing urbanization of the population of Europe, and these
19th century zoos proved to be immensely popular, with millions flocking to
see unusual animals from far off lands. (4) The majority of zoos served simply
to display animals, with the more advanced among them, also utilizing their
collections for the study of zoology. (5) By visiting zoos people make a direct
contribution through entry tickets to maintaining the threatened species in
zoos. (6) However, over time good zoos have changed their mission and focus
due to a growing realization and documentation of the decline in wildlife,
driven mostly by loss of habitat. (7) From the mid-20th century these zoos
have been finding ways to help conserve wild animals and their habitats, and
the animals now fulfill a number of roles, from education to ambassadors for
their species.
23.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

(1) Wild animals have been kept in captivity for thousands of years, often as
symbols of power or religious significance. (2) However, what is now
recognized as the modern zoo was developed in the early part of the 19th
century with London, Paris and Dublin zoos opening within a few years of
each other. (3) This coincided with the Victorian fascination with natural
history and increasing urbanization of the population of Europe, and these
19th century zoos proved to be immensely popular, with millions flocking to
see unusual animals from far off lands. (4) The majority of zoos served simply
to display animals, with the more advanced among them, also utilizing their
collections for the study of zoology. (5) By visiting zoos people make a direct
contribution through entry tickets to maintaining the threatened species in
zoos. (6) However, over time good zoos have changed their mission and focus
due to a growing realization and documentation of the decline in wildlife,
driven mostly by loss of habitat. (7) From the mid-20th century these zoos
have been finding ways to help conserve wild animals and their habitats, and
the animals now fulfill a number of roles, from education to ambassadors for
their species.
24.The following paragraph most likely discusses …

(1)Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional
changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of
adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing
autonomy. (2)It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence yet
having a unique course for every child. (3) It does not progress at the same
rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development.
(4)Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by
genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal
development are usually included as part of the study of child development.
(5) Child care programs present a critical opportunity for the promotion of
child development. (6) Developmental change may occur as a result of
genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of
environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an
interaction between the two. (7)It may also occur as a result of human nature
and our ability to learn from our environment.
25.Which sentence is irrelevant to the topic of the passage?

(1)Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional
changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of
adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing
autonomy. (2)It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence yet
having a unique course for every child. (3) It does not progress at the same
rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development.
(4)Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by
genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal
development are usually included as part of the study of child development.
(5) Child care programs present a critical opportunity for the promotion of
child development. (6) Developmental change may occur as a result of
genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of
environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an
interaction between the two. (7)It may also occur as a result of human nature
and our ability to learn from our environment.
26.The following paragraph most likely discusses …