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61. Jika Eko bisa membaca 2 halaman koran tiap x menit. Maka dalam 7 menit eko mampu membaca berapa halaman?

62. Natsir mendapat nilai 81 untuk IPA. Nilai 89 untuk IPS. Nilai 78 untuk Bhs Indonesia. Dan nilai 86 untuk Matematika. Bila natsir ingin mendapatkan rata-rata nilainya sebesar 84. Maka berapakah nilai yang harus diperoleh untuk pelajaran Bahasa Inggris?

63. Bela membeli baju dengan harga terdiskon 15% dari Rp.80.000,-. Setelah itu karena bela sedang berulang tahun, dia mendapat diskon tambahan sebesar 25% dari harga awal setelah dikurangi diskon 15% diatas. Berapakah harga yang harus dibayarkan oleh Bela ke kasir?

64. Ridho harus mengkredit sebuah laptop dengan lima kali cicilan. Jika uang mukanya sebesar Rp. 1.500.000,- yang merupakan 30% dari harga laptop, berapa rupiahkah yang harus dibayarkan Ridho tiap kali cicilan?

65. Didik adalah seorang tukang cat kerajinan papan catur. Dalam 5 menit dia mampu mengecat 25% dari papan berwarna hitam. Berapa lamakah dia mengecat sampai selesai keseluruhan papan catur? (Keterangan: sebuah papan catur terdiri dari 64 kotak)

66. Kakak beradik bernama Nia, Nanik dan Noeng. Nanik 9 tahun lebih tua dari Nia. Nur 2 tahun lebih tua dari Nanik. Dan bila usia mereka dijumlah akan mendapatkan angka 95. Berapakah usia Nia sekarang?

67. Jika Alamsyah sang juragan lobster mampu menjual lobsternya seharga Rp. 260.000 per ekor, dia mampu mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar 30% dari harga beli awalnya. Jadi, berapakah harga beli awal lobster Alamsyah tersebut?

68. Dani memiliki 18 kelereng di kantong. 7 warna kuning. 5 warna biru. Dan 6 warna merah. Berapakah jumlah minimum yang harus diambil Dani untuk memastikan bahwa dia mendapatkan setidaknya 1 kelereng untuk tiap warna?

69. Rovie berangkat ke kota Z pukul 15.35 dengan mengendarai sepeda motor. Rata-rata kecepatannya adalah 32 km/30 menit. Jarak perjalanan adalah 80 km. Rovie tiba di kota Z pukul 17.15. Jadi berapa menitkah Rovie berhenti di jalan untuk istirahat?

70. Pak Hakim mempunyai sejumlah x kelereng dan dibagikan merata kepada n orang. Setiap orang mendapatkan masing-masing 12 kelereng. Bila ada dua orang yang bergabung untuk minta kebagian kelereng, dan kemudian x kelereng tersebut dibagikan merata, maka tiap orang mendapat 8 kelereng saja. Berapa jumlah n (kelompok pertama)? Dan berapa pula x (jumlah kelereng)?

71. Luas permukaan kubus bersisi 3 satuan adalah 2 kali luas sebuah persegi panjang bersisi panjang 9 satuan. Berapa satuankah sisi pendek dari persegi panjang ini?

72. Sebuah survei sampling melaporkan bahwa dalam 1000 kelahiran bayi, 4 diantaranya meninggal. Di kota A terjadi kelahiran bayi sejumlah 750 pada tahun ini. Berapakah jumlah peluang bayi yang tidak meninggal jika didasarkan pada survei tersebut?

73. Lia mampu mengerjakan pekerjaan x dalam 30 hari. Ida mampu mengerjakannya dalam 10 hari. Iza mampu mengerjakannya dalam 15 hari. Jika mereka bertiga bergabung untuk mengerjakan pekerjaan x bersama-sama, maka berapa harikah pekerjaan itu dapat diselesaikan?

74. Volume ember jika penuh adalah 42,5 liter. Namun hanya terisi 3/5 saja saat ini. Dan diambil lagi oleh Andi sehingga kini hanya terisi 1/5 saja. Berapa literkah yang diambil oleh Andi?

75. Fahry dan Popa masing-masing mampu menghabiskan segelas jus alpukat dalam waktu 25 detik. Sedangkan Azkia membutuhkan waktu 50 detik untuk melakukan hal sama. Jika ketiganya diminta bergabung untuk menghabiskan 4½ gelas jus alpukat bersama-sama, berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan? (Azkia tidak mau bergabung untuk gelas keempat dan gelas kelima)

76. Kemal berjalan lurus kearah barat ke rumah Syaiful sejauh 6 km. Lalu ke rumah Fifi lurus ke utara sejauh 8 km. Bila Kemal langsung berjalan lurus ke rumah Fifi tanpa pergi ke rumah Syaiful, berapa km dia dapat menghemat lintasan? (Catatan: semua lintasan adalah lurus)

1. Salah satu wujud akulturasi budaya pra-Hindu-Budha dengan budaya Hindu-Budha di bidang pemerintahan adalah…

2. Alasan utama Raja Kertanegara melakukan ekspedisi Pamalayu adalah…

3. Peristiwa yang terjadi antara Pajajaran dengan Majapahit di Lapangan Bubat disebabkan oleh…

4. Terdapat berbagai pendapat tentang proses masuknya agama Hindu ke Indonesia. Jika dilihat dari peninggalan berupa prasasti yang menggunakan bahasa Sansekerta, agama Hindu disebarkan oleh golongan…

5. Bentang alam yang paling dianggap sakral oleh masyarakat Jawa pada zaman Hindu adalah…

6. Pengaruh Hindu di Indonesia terlihat sebagai berikut… 1) Bentuk pemerintahan kerajaan 2) Masyarakat feodal 3) Tulisan Pallawa dan bahasa Sansekerta 4) Nama Sungai Gomati dan Chandrabaga pada Prasasti Tugu

7. Berikut ini adalah kehidupan sosial budaya pada masa kerajaan-kerajaan Hindu-Budha di Indonesia… 1) Kehidupan bercorak feodal 2) Masyarakat agraris 3) Berlakunya sistem kerja rodi 4) Kehidupan kolektif

8. Hasil budaya zaman Mesolitikum, Kjokkenmoddinger, adalah…

9. Yang bukan isi sarkofagus hasil budaya Megalitikum yang terdapat di Bali adalah…

10. Pelaksana upacara Vratyastoma, yaitu upacara khusus untuk dapat menghidupkan seseorang adalah…

11. Raja Kutai yang bijaksana, kuat, berkuasa, menyedekahkan 20.000 ekor sapi kepada para Brahmana adalah…

12. Majapahit pernah menjadi kerajaan yang kuat. Faktor yang bukan pendorong berkembangnya adalah…

13. Candi merupakan hasil akulturasi antara kebudayaan India dan kebudayaan asli Indonesia. Yang merupakan bentuk akulturasi pada Candi Borobudur adalah…

14. Banyaknya bangunan-bangunan megah, seperti candi-candi di Jawa didukung oleh faktor…

15. Bangunan candi yang menjadi pertanda kebudayaan Hindu-Budha sebenarnya pengembangan dari… 1) Menhir 2) Dolmen 3) Sarkofagus 4) Punden berundak

16. Kehidupan kesusasteraan berkembang pesat pada zaman kuno (Indonesia-Hindu). SEBAB Ditemukan banyak hasil kesusasteraan yang diduga berasal dari zaman Indonesia-Hindu.

17. Karya besar Raja Purnawarman dari Kerajaan Tarumanegara adalah penggalian terusan sepanjang 6.122 tombak. SEBAB Sungai tersebut dipergunakan untuk mengairi sawah, mencegah banjir, dan sebagai sarana lalu lintas perdagangan antarwilayah dan hubungan dengan dunia luar.

18. Kerajaan Kediri pada masa pemerintahan Airlangga berkembang menjadi kerajaan agraris-maritim. SEBAB Airlangga berhasil menguasai hilir dan hulu Sungai Brantas.

19. Salah seorang raja yang berkuasa di Kerajaan Sriwijaya yang berasal dari keturunan Raja Syailendra (Jawa Tengah) adalah…

20. Kemunduran politik dan ekonomi Sriwijaya pada pertengahan abad-13M dipercepat oleh ekspansi militer Kerajaan Singasari di wilayah Sumatera. SEBAB Kerajaan Singasari pada tahun 1275 melakukan ekspedisi Pamalayu dan berhasil mengalahkan Kerajaan Melayu di Sumatera.

21. Berikut ini adalah nama-nama Sriwijaya berdasarkan sumber-sumber asing (Arab, Cina, Yunani), kecuali…

22. Kemunduran Kerajaan Sriwijaya antara lain disebabkan… 1) Berdirinya Kesultanan Aceh 2) Serangan dari kerajaan-kerajaan besar 3) Runtuhnya Kerajaan Funan 4) Terjadinya proses pendangkalan pantai-pantai timur Sumatera

23. Kemunduran Kerajaan Sriwijaya berakibat…

24. Gajah Mada menjadi terkenal karena tindakannya… 1) Menumpas pemberontakan Kuti 2) Mendudukkan Hayam Wuruk pada tahta Majapahit 3) Mendeklarasikan amukti Palapa 4) Menaklukkan Kerajaan Sunda

25. Melemahnya Majapahit akibat Perang Paregreg dimanfaatkan China untuk mempengaruhi daerah-daerah luar Jawa agar mengakui kedaulatannya. SEBAB Lepasnya Malaka dari Majapahit tidak memiliki pengaruh yang besar dalam perekonomian Majapahit.

26. Sepeninggal Hayam Wuruk, Majapahit terbagi menjadi…

27. Kerukunan antarumat beragama di Kerajaan Majapahit dapat terlihat dari hal berikut… 1) Kekuasaan yang silih berganti antara Dinasti Sanjaya dengan Dinasti Syailendra 2) Slogan Bhineka Tunggal Ika dalam Kitab Sutasoma 3) Berkembangnya aliran Kejawen 4) Situs Trowulan dan Troloyo

28. Salah satu pengaruh tradisi Hindu dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia kuno adalah… 1) Berkembangnya kebudayaan maritim 2) Menguatnya sistem feodal 3) Masyarakat mulai menetap karena bercocok tanam 4) Munculnya pemerintahan berbentuk kerajaan

29. Kamadhatu merupakan bagian dari Candi Borobudur yang paling bawah. Bagian tersebut menggambarkan…

30. Menurut teori Waisya, masuknya kebudayaan Hindu ke Indonesia dibawa oleh…

31. Bukti tertua mengenai masuknya kebudayaan dan agama Budha di Indonesia adalah…

32. Hubungan antara Indonesia dengan India sudah lama sekali berlangsung, yaitu hubungan dalam bidang…

33. Pernyataan berikut yang tidak terkait dengan Kerajaan Tarumanegara adalah…

34. Pembangunan Sungai Gomati sepanjang 6.122 tombak atas perintah Raja Purnawarman dibuktikan dalam prasasti…

35. Seorang musafir China yang pernah singgah di Tarumanegara dan mengatakan bahwa di sana telah terdapat tiga agama, yaitu Hindu, Budha, dan agama kotor (animisme dan dinamisme) adalah…

37. Terbunuhnya Raja Kertanegara yang menandakan runtuhnya Kerajaan Singosari disebabkan oleh…

38. Perang saudara yang akhirnya melemahkan kekuatan Majapahit adalah…

39. Perbedaan candi bercorak Hindu dan candi bercorak Budha adalah…

40. Jenis candi Jawa Timur mempunyai langgam bangunan…

41. Perhatikan candi berikut! 1) Borobudur 2) Prambanan 3) Pawon 4) Gedong Songo 5) Dieng. Yang merupakan candi-candi peninggalan Dinasti Sanjaya adalah…

42. Pada masa Majapahit, kalimat Bhineka Tunggal Ika tertuang dalam Kitab Sutasoma yang dikarang oleh…

43. Kaum Sudra merupakan golongan yang membawa dan menyebarkan agama Hindu ke Indonesia. Karena…

44. Peradaban Hindu mudah diterima oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena…

45. Di bawah ini yang bukan menjadi penyebab runtuhnya kerajaan-kerajaan yang bercorak Hindu-Budha adalah…

46. Kasta tertinggi dalam struktur sosial masyarakat Hindu disebut…

47. Tempat yang digunakan oleh orang-orang Hindu untuk mengajarkan ajaran-ajaran agamanya kepada masyarakat daerah-daerah di Indonesia dikenal dengan sebutan…

48. Prasasti Tugu adalah prasasti Kerajaan Tarumanegara terpenting yang berisi antara lain tentang…

50. Patung Garuda Wisnu yang terdapat di Candi Belahan dibuat sebagai perwujudan Raja Airlangga. SEBAB Pada umumnya patung-patung yang ditemukan di Jawa Timur dibuat sebagai perwujudan raja atau ratu.

51. Kerajaan di Indonesia yang bercorak Budha dan menjadi pusat penyebaran agama Budha bagi kawasan Asia Tenggara adalah…

52. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya “Perang Bubat” tahun 1357 antara Majapahit melawan Pajajaran, antara lain… 1) Gajah Mada tidak menghendaki perkawinan Hayam Wuruk dengan Putri Sunda, Dyah Pitaloka 2) Gajah Mada ingin menaklukkan Kerajaan Sunda 3) Putri Sunda, Dyah Pitaloka, dianggap sebagai persembahan takluknya Kerajaan Sunda 4) Gajah Mada ingin menaklukkan Kerajaan Sunda tanpa kekerasan, maka digunakan siasat perkawinan

53. Prasasti-prasasti di Kutai yang berasal dari abad-5M menunjukkan bahwa pada saat itu di Indonesia sudah ada pengaruh Kebudayaan India, berupa…

54. Pengaruh kebudayaan India terhadap perubahan masyarakat di Indonesia, antara lain adalah… 1) Diperkenalkan konsep raja atau kerajaan 2) Berkembangnya aliran-aliran kepercayaan 3) Diterapkannya kasta di tengah masyarakat 4) Diperkenalkan soal kaligrafi

55. Tim ekspedisi Indonesia menelusuri rute yang pernah ditempuh oleh nenek moyang dengan menggunakan replika perahu bercadik seperti yang terdapat dalam relief Candi Borobudur. SEBAB Perahu bercadik merupakan perahu khas masyarakat Indonesia yang sudah ada sejak Kerajaan Budha.

56. Jiwa feodalisme yang masih mengakar di sebagian masyarakat Indonesia tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sejarah perjalanan bangsa Indonesia sejak masa Kerajaan Indonesia Kuno. SEBAB Pada saat itu para pejabat tidak menerima imbalan uang dari raja, tetapi mendapatkan tanah garapan dan pajak tanah.

1. Meskipun sudah lama hidup di kota, Yanti tetap lebih mengutamakan daerah asalnya. Contoh tersebut merupakan gejala…

2. Berikut ini adalah ciri-ciri struktur sosial, kecuali…

3. Kebudayaan nasional kita terdiri dari kebudayaan yang berakar dari…

4. Keanggotaan suatu kelompok sosial terdiri atas anggota-anggota yang memiliki latar belakang ras, suku bangsa, dan agama yang berbeda-beda. Hal itu disebut…

5. Masyarakat dibentuk oleh sekumpulan individu yang…

6. Berikut ini yang termasuk ciri sosial budaya adalah, kecuali…

7. Ketidaksamaan sosial horizontal memiliki ciri…

8. Perbedaan jenis kelamin merupakan bentuk dari ketidaksamaan…

9. Keadaan geografis Indonesia yang terdiri dari beberapa ribu pulau, terletak diantara dua samudera, dan iklim yang berbeda, menyebabkan terjadinya…

10. Isolasi geografis yang menyebabkan kemajemukan suku bangsa di Indonesia dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi…

11. Klasifikasi terhadap perbedaan-perbedaan yang dianggap sama merupakan pengertian dari…

12. Heterogenitas sosial ditandai dengan adanya perbedaan…

13. Masyarakat majemuk memiliki potensi integrasi sosial yang rendah apabila terjadi tumpang tindih struktur sosial, yaitu…

14. Orang Jepang termasuk ke dalam ras…

15. Masyarakat penganut feodalisme mempunyai sistem pelapisan sosial yang bersifat tertutup, sebab seseorang menempati lapisan sosial sesuai dengan…

16. Perbedaan profesi dikategorikan secara horizontal, karena…

17. Dalam masyarakat selalu kita dapatkan ketidaksamaan/kelas sosial yang berbeda. Berikut ini adalah faktor-faktor penyebabnya, kecuali…

18. Perhatikan data berikut! 1) Menghargai waktu 2) Organisasinya bersifat formal 3) Memiliki rasa solidaritas yang tinggi 4) Mobilitas sosialnya relatif lambat. Dari data di atas, yang termasuk ciri-ciri masyarakat desa adalah nomor…

19. Perhatikan informasi berikut! 1) Gampang 2) Mukim 3) Ulee balang 4) Sagoe 5) Daerah sultan. Dari informasi di atas, urutan kesatuan teritorial di Aceh dari yang terkecil sampai yang terbesar adalah…

20. Masyarakat dan kebudayaan sebagai sistem terdiri dari berbagai struktur. SEBAB Hubungan sistem adalah hubungan struktur hingga merupakan satuan yang berfungsi.

21. Masyarakat kota bersifat realistis pragmatis. SEBAB Masyarakat kota cepat menerima pengaruh dari luar.

22. Berikut ini yang bukan termasuk suku bangsa di Sulawesi Selatan adalah…

23. Ras tidak dapat mempengaruhi kebudayaan, tetapi ras dapat menimbulkan diskriminasi yang mengakibatkan terjadinya konflik. SEBAB Pengertian ras yang sesungguhnya adalah pengertian biologis dan bukan sosial kultural.

24. Perhatikan kelompok sosial berikut! 1) Mongoloid 2) Melanesoid 3) Kaukasoid 4) Polynesian. Dari kelompok sosial tersebut yang merupakan kelompok ras dan sub-ras yang terdapat di Indonesia adalah nomor…

25. Bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang Jawa untuk orang yang sudah dikenal akrab dan terhadap orang yang lebih muda usianya serta lebih rendah status sosialnya adalah bahasa…

26. Pernikahan antara Daeng dengan Suliyem mengalami hambatan karena keluarga Daeng menginginkan upacara pernikahan dilakukan secara Makassar, sedangkan keluarga Sulitem menginginkan adat Jawa. Dari kasus tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa disintegrasi terjadi karena perbedaan…

27. Tradisi Jawa yang bertujuan menolak bahaya disebut…

28. Dalam pandangan orang Indonesia pada umumnya, orang Cina terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu…

29. Perhatikan contoh perilaku sosial berikut! 1) Bergaul dengan kawan sedaerahnya 2) Menghormati orang lain yang lebih berpengalaman 3) Berdiskusi dengan teman mengenai kebebasan beragama 4) Mendirikan arisan khusus untuk kerabatnya. Diantara contoh di atas, yang termasuk perilaku primordial adalah…

30. Sidang DPR yang diikuti para anggota yang berasal dari beberapa kelompok partai politik dapat berjalan lancar. Di samping tetap setia kepada partainya, peserta sidang juga saling setia kepada kedudukan sebagai anggota lembaga tinggi negara. Pada kasus tersebut, terjadi interseksi dengan kriteria…

1. Retikulum endoplasma halus berfungsi untuk sintesis:

2. Organela sel eukariotik yang memiliki fungsi untuk menyimpan hasil metabolisme, air, dan mempertahankan turgiditas sel adalah:

3. Organel sel berikut yang berperan dalam proses pencernaan intraseluler adalah:

4. Bagian sel berikut yang berperan dalam proses fotosintesis adalah:

5. Konversi energi dalam sel-sel hewan akan mengalami hambatan besar apabila salah satu organel dihilangkan dari sel. Organel yang dimaksud adalah:

6. Mikrotubul merupakan salah satu sitoskeleton pada sel eukariotik. SEBAB Mikrotubul berfungsi dalam kontraksi otot dan pengaliran sitoplasma.

7. Persamaan antara mitokondria dan kloroplas adalah keduanya: 1) Merupakan organel penghasil energi 2) Dapat melakukan reproduksi 3) Memiliki DNA ekstranuklear 4) Berperan dalam proses apoptosis

8. Membran plasma tersusun atas komponen berikut, KECUALI:

9. Fagositosis merupakan salah satu mekanisme endositosis. SEBAB Endositosis adalah proses masuknya makromolekul ke dalam sel.

10. Sitoplasma sel tanaman biasanya lebih pekat daripada lingkungannya, namun tidak menyebabkan sel tersebut pecah. SEBAB Sitoplasma sel tanaman biasanya lebih pekat daripada lingkungannya menyebabkan tekanan turgor sel turun.

11. Struktur berikut ditemukan pada sel Prokariotik, KECUALI:

12. Sel prokariot memiliki bagian-bagian berikut, kecuali:

1. Kurva Engel secara grafis dapat diturunkan dari kurva …

2. Barang Giffen adalah barang mewah yang efek pendapatannya lebih besar daripada efek substitusinya.
SEBAB
Barang Giffen dapat diperoleh dengan pengorbanan yang sangat tinggi.

3. Barang Giffen adalah barang mewah yang efek pendapatannya lebih besar daripada efek substitusinya.
SEBAB
Barang Giffen dapat diperoleh dengan pengorbanan yang sangat tinggi.

4. Apabila kelompok barang X (misalnya x1 dan x2) lebih disukai daripada kelompok barang Y (misalnya y1 dan y2), sementara kelompok barang Y lebih disukai daripada kelompok barang Z (misalnya z1 dan z2), maka menurut asumsi transitive, kelompok barang X … atas kelompok barang Z.

5. Kurva isokuan memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut …
(1) MRS selalu ber-slope negatif karena adanya efek substitusi
(2) Cembung ke arah titik nol karena adanya input yang komplemen sempurna
(3) MRTS ber-slope positif tetapi nilainya kurang dari satu
(4) Tidak berpotongan

6. Manakah dari berikut ini yang merupakan asumsi dari pendekatan konsumen ordinal?
(1) Konsumen mempunyai skala preferensi
(2) Konsumen berpikir rasional
(3) Konsumen lebih menyukai banyak dibandingkan sedikit
(4) Terjadinya hukum the law of diminishing return

7. Beberapa asumsi yang digunakan dalam preferensi konsumen adalah …
(1) Complete
(2) Rigidity
(3) Transitive
(4) Rational

9. Kurva Engel secara grafis dapat diturunkan dari kurva …

10. Total kepuasan minimum dua gelas air tentunya lebih tinggi dari total minum satu gelas air.
SEBAB
Kepuasan marginal meminum air dari gelas ke-2 lebih rendah daripada kepuasan marginal meminum air dari gelas pertama.

60. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(60) _______

58. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(58) _______

57. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(57) _______

56. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(56) _______

55. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(55) _______

54. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(54) _______

53. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(53) _______

52. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(52) _______

51. The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.

Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(51) _______

50. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

According to the passage, the delegates laughed and applauded to Stevie Wonder’s

49. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

Whose minds does Stevie Wonder refer to as the greatest minds?

48. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

According to the passage, the World Blind Union

47. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

Where in the passage does the writer indicate the reason for the delay in translating books into Braille?

46. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

The word “accompaniment” is closest in meaning to

45. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

It is stated in this passage that as a wrap-up, Stevie Wonder sang

44. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

The passage mentions that Stevie Wonder pleaded that the delegates of WIPO’s annual assembly should

43. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

From the term “a state of emergency”, it can be inferred that it refers to a state where

42. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

It can be inferred from the passage that the word “light” in the phrase “hope and light” refers to

41. Study the passage below and choose the best answer to the questions that follow.

US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

This passage mainly discusses

10. Sinonim Kata Lekang

9. Sinonim Kata Gencatan

8. Sinonim Kata Fragmen

7. Sinonim Kata Etimologi

6. Sinonim Kata Abstrak

5. Sinonim Kata Pailit

4. Sinonim Kata Paripurna

3. Sinonim Kata Imbas

2. Sinonim Kata Evokasi

1. Sinonim Kata Disparitas

11. Sinonim Kata Abolisi

12. Sinonim Kata Pagu

13. Sinonim Kata Verbal

14. Sinonim Kata Generik

15. Sinonim Kata Agitasi

16. Sinonim Kata Sekuler

17. Sinonim Kata Elaborasi

18. Sinonim Kata Serebrum

19. Sinonim Kata Bonafide

20. Sinonim Kata Ekamatra

21. PEMUPUKAN >< . . . . . .

22. SIAU >< . . . . . .

23. PREMAN >< . . . . . .

24. HIRAU >< . . . . . .

25. OPAS >< . . . . . .

26. CHAOS >< . . . . . .

27. KASAR >< . . . . . .

28. ANGOT >< . . . . . .

29. PERLOP >< . . . . . .

30. GRATIFIKASI >< . . . . . .

31. TESIS >< . . . . . .

32. ULTIMA >< . . . . . .

33. CAPEK >< . . . . . .