Try Out Bahasa Inggris 6 SNBT 2025

Insects, such as some moths and fruit flies, react to microbial infection in the same way as mammals; hence, they can be used to test the efficiency of new drugs and to reduce the need for animal testing. Neutrophils, a type of white blood cell and part of the mammalian immune system, and haematocytes, cells that carry out a similar function in insects, react in the same way to infecting microbes. Both the insect and mammalian cells produce chemicals with a similar structure which move to the surface of the cells to kill the invading microbe. The immune cells then enclose the microbe and release enzymes to break it down. Insects such as fruit flies, Greater Wax Moths and a type of Hawkmoth can be used to test the efficacy of new antimicrobial drugs or to judge how virulent fungal pathogens are. It is now routine practice to use insect larvae to perform initial testing of new drugs and then to use mice for confirmation tests.
51. The topic of the paragraph is _______.

Insects, such as some moths and fruit flies, react to microbial infection in the same way as mammals; hence, they can be used to test the efficiency of new drugs and to reduce the need for animal testing. Neutrophils, a type of white blood cell and part of the mammalian immune system, and haematocytes, cells that carry out a similar function in insects, react in the same way to infecting microbes. Both the insect and mammalian cells produce chemicals with a similar structure which move to the surface of the cells to kill the invading microbe. The immune cells then enclose the microbe and release enzymes to break it down. Insects such as fruit flies, Greater Wax Moths and a type of Hawkmoth can be used to test the efficacy of new antimicrobial drugs or to judge how virulent fungal pathogens are. It is now routine practice to use insect larvae to perform initial testing of new drugs and then to use mice for confirmation tests.
52. The sentence that best ends the paragraph is _______.

You have invited your friend over for dinner. Your child sees your friend reach for some cookies and says, “Better not take those, or you’ll get even bigger.” You’re embarrassed that your child could speak so rudely. However, you should consider that your child may not know how to use language appropriately in social situations and did not mean harm by the comment.An individual may say words clearly and use long, complex sentences with correct grammar, but still have a communication problem if he or she has not mastered the rules for social language known as pragmatics. Adults may also have difficulty with pragmatics, for example, as a result of a brain injury or stroke. An individual with pragmatic problems may say inappropriate or unrelated things during conversations, tell stories in a disorganized way, or have little variety in language use. It is not unusual for children to have pragmatic problems in only a few situations. However, if problems in social language use occur often and seem inappropriate considering the child’s age, a pragmatic disorder may exist. Pragmatic disorders often coexist with other language problems such as vocabulary development or grammar.
53. The topic of this paragraph is _______.

You have invited your friend over for dinner. Your child sees your friend reach for some cookies and says, “Better not take those, or you’ll get even bigger.” You’re embarrassed that your child could speak so rudely. However, you should consider that your child may not know how to use language appropriately in social situations and did not mean harm by the comment.An individual may say words clearly and use long, complex sentences with correct grammar, but still have a communication problem if he or she has not mastered the rules for social language known as pragmatics. Adults may also have difficulty with pragmatics, for example, as a result of a brain injury or stroke. An individual with pragmatic problems may say inappropriate or unrelated things during conversations, tell stories in a disorganized way, or have little variety in language use. It is not unusual for children to have pragmatic problems in only a few situations. However, if problems in social language use occur often and seem inappropriate considering the child’s age, a pragmatic disorder may exist. Pragmatic disorders often coexist with other language problems such as vocabulary development or grammar.
54. The paragraph which follows this one most likely discusses _______.

(1) ____________________________. (2) The first requirement is to complete a course in a certified climbing school, where you learn about mountain conditions and safe climbing. (3) Another requirement is to wear special clothing; a helmet and climbing boots to complete your outfit. (4) You must also carry special equipment: iron spikes to hammer into cracks for support and safety and special climbing ropes. (5) In addition, there are also strict climbing rules for mountaineers. (6) Mountaineers sometimes bring their mountain bikes. (7) You can climb alone or in teams of two or more. (8) When you climb in a team, each person is tied around the waist to the same rope to protect a climber who slips from falling. (9) At all times, you must be aware of falling rocks and when you are tired, you need to find a ledge to rest on. (10) Most mountain climbers would agree that mountain climbing has many rewards. (11) The higher you climb, the more beautiful the view is of the valley floor. (12) You can see treetops, lakes, and distant mountains. (13) Above you, the sky and moving clouds are a spectacular sight.
55. The paragraph should begin with _______.

(1) ____________________________. (2) The first requirement is to complete a course in a certified climbing school, where you learn about mountain conditions and safe climbing. (3) Another requirement is to wear special clothing; a helmet and climbing boots to complete your outfit. (4) You must also carry special equipment: iron spikes to hammer into cracks for support and safety and special climbing ropes. (5) In addition, there are also strict climbing rules for mountaineers. (6) Mountaineers sometimes bring their mountain bikes. (7) You can climb alone or in teams of two or more. (8) When you climb in a team, each person is tied around the waist to the same rope to protect a climber who slips from falling. (9) At all times, you must be aware of falling rocks and when you are tired, you need to find a ledge to rest on. (10) Most mountain climbers would agree that mountain climbing has many rewards. (11) The higher you climb, the more beautiful the view is of the valley floor. (12) You can see treetops, lakes, and distant mountains. (13) Above you, the sky and moving clouds are a spectacular sight.
56. The sentence which is irrelevant to the topic of the paragraph is _______.

(1) ____________________________. (2) However, plastic in the ocean actually decomposes as it is exposed to the rain and sun and other environmental conditions. (3) When plastic decomposes it releases potentially toxic bisphenol A (BPA) and PS oligomer into the water. (4) BPAand PS oligomer are sources of concern because they can disrupt the functioning of hormones in animals and can seriously affect reproductive systems. (5) Polystyrene begins to decompose within one year, releasing components that are detectable in the parts-per-million range. (6) However, the volume of plastics in the ocean is increasing, so that decomposition products remain a potential problem. (7) It is estimated that 10 percent of the world’s plastic waste finds its way into the sea and slowly but surely most of it ends up in the Pacific Ocean. (8) Each year as much as 150,000 tons of plastic debris, most notably Styrofoam, washes up on the shores of Japan alone. (9) Vast expanses of waste, consisting mainly of plastic, float elsewhere in the oceans.
57. The paragraph should begin with _______.

(1) ____________________________. (2) However, plastic in the ocean actually decomposes as it is exposed to the rain and sun and other environmental conditions. (3) When plastic decomposes it releases potentially toxic bisphenol A (BPA) and PS oligomer into the water. (4) BPAand PS oligomer are sources of concern because they can disrupt the functioning of hormones in animals and can seriously affect reproductive systems. (5) Polystyrene begins to decompose within one year, releasing components that are detectable in the parts-per-million range. (6) However, the volume of plastics in the ocean is increasing, so that decomposition products remain a potential problem. (7) It is estimated that 10 percent of the world’s plastic waste finds its way into the sea and slowly but surely most of it ends up in the Pacific Ocean. (8) Each year as much as 150,000 tons of plastic debris, most notably Styrofoam, washes up on the shores of Japan alone. (9) Vast expanses of waste, consisting mainly of plastic, float elsewhere in the oceans.
58. The sentence which is irrelevant to the topic of the paragraph is sentence number _______.

Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles have overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle, divers often become sluggish and their mental concentration becomes limited. Because of undersea pressure which affected their speech organs, communication among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make observations by means of instruments which are lowered into the ocean or from samples taken from the water. Direct observations of the ocean floor are made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines. Some of these submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of thousand feet. Radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based laboratories.
60. Which of the following statements is the most suitable concluding sentence of the paragraph?

Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles have overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle, divers often become sluggish and their mental concentration becomes limited. Because of undersea pressure which affected their speech organs, communication among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make observations by means of instruments which are lowered into the ocean or from samples taken from the water. Direct observations of the ocean floor are made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines. Some of these submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of thousand feet. Radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based laboratories.
59. The main idea of the passage tells us the reasons why_____ .