Try Out Bahasa Inggris 12 SNBT 2025

Reading 1 for questions 161 – 167
An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for alien sand space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building modelson set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into amun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should be making his own epics. He left his job to move to Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the production, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just acritical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
161. What is the main idea of the passage?

Reading 1 for questions 161 – 167
An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for alien sand space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building modelson set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into amun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should be making his own epics. He left his job to move to Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the production, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just acritical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
162. It can be inferred from the passage that James

Reading 1 for questions 161 – 167
An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for alien sand space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building modelson set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into amun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should be making his own epics. He left his job to move to Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the production, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just acritical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
161. What is the main idea of the passage?

Reading 1 for questions 161 – 167
An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for alien sand space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building modelson set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into amun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should be making his own epics. He left his job to move to Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the production, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just acritical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
164. The author mentions all of the following as
jobs performed by James Cameron EXCEPT ….

Reading 1 for questions 161 – 167
An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for alien sand space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building modelson set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into amun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should be making his own epics. He left his job to move to Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the production, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just acritical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
166. The word it in line 21 refers to ….

Reading 1 for questions 161 – 167
An audacious visionary who developed new film technologies midstream in order to turn his creative visions into film reality, director James Cameron was credited with single-handedly resurrecting a once-dead science fiction genre. But because of his legendary temper and determination on set, Cameron also became known as one of the most difficult directors to work for, genius be damned. While it was true that he drove himself and his crews to the brink of exhaustion, no one could dispute his passion for blending film and technology, while effortlessly creating well-crafted stories. Despite his penchant for alien sand space, it was “Titanic” (1997) that cemented Cameron as a director for the ages. In fact, “Titanic” was a seminal event in cinema in terms of size, scope and commercial success. The film made Cameron a legend, despite the production nearly destroying him. In the end, however. Cameron laid claim to being one of the most proficient, admired and, above all, successful directors in Hollywood history.

Cameron was born on Aug. 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. As a youngster, he was interested in astronomy and science fiction, even penning his own short stories. He developed an obsession for building rockets and airplanes from junk piles: skills that later translated into building modelson set. A voracious reader, Cameron consumed books as a child, making him verbally and mentally precocious enough to skip a grade in school. But his most significant moment came when he saw Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968). After high school, he enrolled at California State University -Fullerton here he studied physics for a year. before dropping our and working. Despite his slip into amun ane life, Cameron remained obsessed with movies.

It was following a viewing of George Lucas’ “Star War (1977) that Cameron decided he should be making his own epics. He left his job to move to Los Angeles and start working in the entertainment industry. If there was one positive result of the production, it was a nightmare Cameron had of a robot assassin from the future, which lead him to write his first screenplay, “The Terminator” (1984). He made friends with Corman’s head of marketing, Gale Anne Hurd, whom Cameron later married and convinced to buy the script for a buck – but on the condition that he directs the film. With a budget of around $6.5 million and boasting sleek compositions, expertly edited action sequences, and a career making performance by heretofore bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, “The Terminator” was not just acritical and commercial triumph, but a seminal event in cinema that marked the dawn of a new era of action movies. His approach to the almost-mythical material was witty without being campy, while he never undermined the imagery and situations by trumpeting their allusions. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
167 Where did James Cameron go when
he abandoned his job?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
168. What is the main idea of the passage?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
169. What is NOT mentioned in the passage as
kindsart movement besides Dadaism?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
170. What was the reason behind the forming of
Dadaism?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
171. What was the cause behind the decline of
Dadaist movement during the dawn of
WorldWar II in Europe?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
172. Which of the following words could best
substitute the word prevailing in line 5?

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
173. The author of the passage implies that the
most important feature for Dadaist art was ….

Reading 2 for questions 168 – 174
Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.

Dada probably began in the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich in 1916 (by some accounts on October 6), and there were active dadaists in New York such as Marcel Duchamp and the Liberian art student, BeatriceWood, who had left France at the onset of World War I. At around the same time there had been a dadaistmovement in Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Paris. In 1920, Max Ernst, Hans Arp and social activist AlfredGrunwald set up the Cologne Dada group. The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities inZurich due to the regular communications from Tristan Tzara, who exchanged letters, poems, andmagazines with French writers, critics and artists. But while broad reaching, the movement was also unstable: artists went on to other ideas and movements, including Surrealism, Socialist Realism and other forms of modernism.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists who remained had fled or been forced into exile in the United States, some died in death camps under Hitler. who personally disliked the kind of radical art that dada represented. The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied by a group claiming to be neo -dadaists in June-August of 2002. After their eviction the Cabaret Voltaire became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada and the Dada movement. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
174. The pronoun who in line 8 refers to ….

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting It in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different todayfrom when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactionsinvolving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be comparedwith a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oiland rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide fromindustry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
175. What is the author’s main purpose in writing
therage?

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting It in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different todayfrom when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactionsinvolving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be comparedwith a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oiland rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide fromindustry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
176. According to the passage, why was
thehydrogen less preferable energy source to
petroleum?

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting It in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different todayfrom when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactionsinvolving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be comparedwith a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oiland rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide fromindustry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
177. It can be inferred from the passage that
capillary array is ….

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting It in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different todayfrom when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactionsinvolving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be comparedwith a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oiland rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide fromindustry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
178. The following are the reasons why the
hydrogen technology unlikely gains a
development EXCEPT ….

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting It in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different todayfrom when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactionsinvolving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be comparedwith a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oiland rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide fromindustry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
179. The word rein in in line 22 could be best
replaced by ….

Reading 3 for questions 175 – 180
Hydrogen, one of earth’s most abundant elements, once was seen as green energy’s answer to the petroleum driven, easy to produce, available everywhere and nonpolluting when burned. Hydrogen energy was defeated by a mountain of obstacles, the fear of explosion by the highly flammable gas, the difficulty of carrying the fuel in large, heavy tanks in the vehicle, and the lack of a refueling network. Automakers turned to biofuels, electricity or the gas-electric hybrid.

But hydrogen, it turns out, never was completely out of the race. Now Israeli scientists and entrepreneurs claim to have brought hydrogen energy a step closer by putting It in much smaller, lighter containers. Rather than using metal or composite cylinders of compressed gas that look like bulky scuba gear, hydrogen is packed into glass filaments which, once out of the lab, will be only slightly thicker than a human hair. These 370 glass capillaries are bundled into a glass tube called a capillary array, about the width of a drinking straw. The scientists say 11.000 such arrays will fuel a car for 400 kilometers, take less than half the space and weight of tanks currently installed in the few hydrogen cars now available.

The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different todayfrom when it was invented more than 150 years ago. A fuel cell makes electricity from chemical reactionsinvolving hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. The fuel cell can be comparedwith a standard car’s engine, while the capillary arrays would be comparable to the gasoline tank.

While its backers call the technology a breakthrough, it is unlikely to gain traction without a large injection of capital to scale up development. It also would need a distribution system and the support of major car companies, which have poured billions of dollars into their own closely guarded research programs. Like electric cars, the driving force behind hydrogen research is the need to break away from oiland rein in emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for climate change, especially carbon dioxide fromindustry and transport. Transportation adds about 13 percent of manmade carbon to the atmosphere. Hydrogen boasts zero emissions. It can be produced from water through electrolysis, or harvested as the waste product of nuclear reactors and chemical plants. Within few years, perhaps a decade, hydrogen fuel will shift the world’s energy balance away from oil. (Adapted from various sources – PTT BPPK)
180. The word it in line 7 refers to ….