Mini TO UTUL UGM 13 Bahasa Inggris [Soal Asli]

60. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(60) _______

58. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(58) _______

57. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(57) _______

56. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(56) _______

55. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(55) _______

54. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(54) _______

53. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(53) _______

52. Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(52) _______

51. The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose the one word or phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.

Historians have traced the first toothbrushes to the 11th-century China. They were made of bristles from Siberian hogs, (51)_______ in cold climates to increase their bristles. The bristles were attached (52)_______ handle made of bamboo or wood.
During the Dark Ages in Europe, dental hygiene consisted of using the tip of a knife as a toothpick. (53)________ hog bristle toothbrushes came to Europe in the 15th century, many people found the bristles too stiff, and preferred toothpicks. Other people used horse hair or badger hair brushes, which were too soft to do much good.
(54)________, in England by the late 19th century, mass production of hog-bristle toothbrushes was underway. (55)_________ 1938, in the United States, that toothbrushes made of synthetic nylon were introduced. Again, people found them too stiff.
Finally in the 1950s, softer nylon brush arrived. As for toothpaste, (56)_________ in an Egyptian tomb dating back 4000 years. Since it contained strong vinegar along with powdered pumice stone, it actually wore tooth enamel, (57)__________ decay.
The Romans had similar recipes, with similar results, but one of their ingredients was urine. The ammonia found in urine may offer protection (58)________ decay, and ammonia compounds are still used in some toothpastes today.
Up until the 19th century, toothpastes were (59)_________. But they continued to evolve, and after World War II modern toothpaste (60)_________ produced. The introduction of fluoride in 1956 caused a dramatic drop in cavities.
Adapted from “Facts of Life”, Reader’s Digest. April 2005, p. 16

(51) _______

50. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

According to the passage, the delegates laughed and applauded to Stevie Wonder’s

49. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

Whose minds does Stevie Wonder refer to as the greatest minds?

48. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

According to the passage, the World Blind Union

47. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

Where in the passage does the writer indicate the reason for the delay in translating books into Braille?

46. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

The word “accompaniment” is closest in meaning to

45. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

It is stated in this passage that as a wrap-up, Stevie Wonder sang

44. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

The passage mentions that Stevie Wonder pleaded that the delegates of WIPO’s annual assembly should

43. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

From the term “a state of emergency”, it can be inferred that it refers to a state where

42. US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

It can be inferred from the passage that the word “light” in the phrase “hope and light” refers to

41. Study the passage below and choose the best answer to the questions that follow.

US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200 nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe.
And the singer-musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.
“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark”, said Wonder, whose music has won dozens of top awards in his 50-year career.
He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near-blind by side-stepping copyright rules and giving them access to books and learning.
And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own accompaniment famous lines from many of his best-loved songs including I Just Called to Say I Love You and Keep Our Love Alive.
His call was endorsed by the World Blind Union, which said that in developing countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.
WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome cross-border copyright rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has run up against strong differences among member states.
Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the blind, while others insist that no loopholes be left for piracy of texts, music, and technology.
Wonder, a UN Messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records since the 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come up with a practical solution”.
While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works that “nourish our hearts, minds, and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.
“We have the greatest minds in world right here in this room. Please work it out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do,” he declared to laughter and applause from many delegations.
Taken from Robert Evans, “Pop icon the UN to bring light to the blind,” The Jakarta Post, September 22, 2010, p. 28.

This passage mainly discusses