Mini TO SIMAK UI Bahasa Inggris 17

31. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

31. …

32. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

32. …

33. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

33. …

34. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

34. …

35. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

According to the text, which of the following statements is FALSE?

36. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?

37. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following course?

38. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

What inference can you make about strategic flooding?

39. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

The tone of the author is best described as …

40. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

40. …

41. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

The italic phrase in the second paragraph means …

42. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

42. …

43. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

43. …

44. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

44. …

45. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

This sentence “This sums up a kind of new Baroque, a sensuous, more vibrant and engaging type of architecture.” should be the last sentence of paragraph …