Kategori: Uncategorized

01. Pada tahun 2009 mendatang pembangunan proyek monorel di Kota Bandung akam bisa dinikmati masyarakat. Sampai saat ini, Projek sarana trans portasi massal yang diharapkan mempu mengurai benang kusur kemacetan di kota ini baru pada tahap 80% studi kelayakan (feasibility study). Pada akhir tahun 2006 ini proses study kelayakan diharapkan dapat diselesaikan. Pada tahun berikutnya pembangunan sudah dapat dimulai. Dengan demikian tahun 2009 masyarkat Kota Bandung sudah bisa menikmati sarana trans portasi monorel ini.
Ide pokok dari paragraf itu adalah ….

02. Pada tahun 2009 mendatang pembangunan proyek monorel di Kota Bandung akam bisa dinikmati masyarakat. Sampai saat ini, Projek sarana trans portasi massal yang diharapkan mempu mengurai benang kusur kemacetan di kota ini baru pada tahap 80% studi kelayakan (feasibility study). Pada akhir tahun 2006 ini proses study kelayakan diharapkan dapat diselesaikan. Pada tahun berikutnya pembangunan sudah dapat dimu lai. Dengan demikian tahun 2009 masyarkat Kota Bandung sudah bisa menikmati sarana transportasi monorel ini.
Kalimat-kalimat dalam wacana di atas berupa opini, KECUALI ….

03. Bentuk kata yang digunakan dalam kalimat
kalimat di bawah ini tidak baku,
KECUALI ….

04. Penulisan kalimat yang benar menurut EYD
terdapat dalam ….

05. Susunlah frase-frase berikut menjadi suatu
kalimat yang baik
1. Nu’man Abdul Hakim
2. sebab perundangan yang ada
3. Wakil Gubernur Jawa Barat
4. melarang praktik haram tersebut
5. tidak perlu membuat peraturan daerah
6. menegaskan
7. untuk membrantas praktik perjudian
Susunan kalimat yang baik adalah ….

06. Kata majemuk berkontruksi A dan B terda
pat pada kalimat ….

07. Komersialisasi jabatan sudah membudaya di
Indonesia.
Kata komersialisasi jabatan dalam kalimat itu
mengandung makna ….

08. Dari hasil wawancara di lapangan, penulis
menemukan banyak golongan tua (orang tua, kaum
pendidik, pejabat kelurahan, dan para pemuka
masyarakat) yang berpendapat bahwa sebenarnya
pelajar mempunyai peranan yang besar dalam
pembangunan masyarakat terutama pembangunan
kelurahan.
Kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini mempunyai
pola yang sama dengan kalimat di atas,
KECUALI ….

09. 1. Kalaupun gagal masuk PTN favorit, itu bukan
akhir segalanya, masih banyak PTS yang menjanji
kan. 2. Tidak bisa di pungkiri, PTN masih
merupakan pilihan favorit. 3. Dibursa kerja,
beberapa PTS membuktikan lulusannya bahkan
bisa mengalahkan saingannya yang lulus dari PTN
dalam mencari pekerjaan. 4. Selain karena
biayanya relatif murah (jika menggunakan jalur
SPMB) dibanding biaya kuliah di PTS, menembus
PTN di anggap suatu prestasi sekaligus prestise. 5.
Karena terbatasnya daya tampung, tentu saja tidak
semua anak negeri ini bisa menikmati bangku
kuliah PTN.
Kalimat-kalimat di atas dapat disusun
menjadi sebuah alinea ….

10. Gaji yang diperoleh dari hasil kerja selama empat
tahun dibelikan rumah sederhana.
Inti kalimat di atas ….

12. Rencana anggaran merupakan hal yang sangat
penting di dalam suatu perusahaan sehingga setiap
usahawan harus memahami cara mencari sumber
dana, ia juga harus mampu membuat rencana biaya
operasional secara baik sehingga pada suatu saat
nanti dapat dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai laporan
atau bahan untuk peminjaman modal di bank.
Isi kalimat-kalimat berikut sesuai dengan
maksud kalimat di atas, KECUALI ….

13. Pengetahuan remaja tentang seks pada umumnya
masih sangat minim bahkan masih banyak yang
salah tafsir. Mereka beranggapan bahwa seks
adalah perbuatan yang nista saja. Pengetahuan
tentang muhrim dan bukan muhrim pun termasuk
soal ini. Dalam masa pancaroba remaja menyadari
adanya perkembangan biologis walaupun tidak
diberi penerangan. Namun, tidak sedikit remaja
yang buta perkembangan ini dan tidak mau
bertanya kepada orang tua atau guru. Hal ini
disebabkan tidak adanya keterbukaan antara orang
tua dan anak.
Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari bacaan itu
adalah ….

14. Pengetahuan remaja tentang seks pada umumnya
masih sangat minim bahkan masih banyak yang
salah tafsir. Mereka beranggapan bahwa seks
adalah perbuatan yang nista saja. Pengetahuan ten
tang muhrim dan bukan muhrim pun termasuk
soal ini. Dalam masa pancaroba remaja menyadari
adanya perkembangan biologis walaupun tidak
diberi penerangan. Namun, tidak sedikit remaja
yang buta perkembangan ini dan tidak mau ber
tanya kepada orang tua atau guru. Hal ini disebab
kan tidak adanya keterbukaan antara orang tua
dan anak.
Isi bacaan itu merupakan sebuah ….

15. Penulisan kalimat yang sesuai dengan aturan
ejaan yang berlaku terdapat dalam kalimat ….

16. Jawa Barat hingga saat ini belum bisa memenuhi
kebutuhan daging sapi potong untuk masyarkatnya
sebanyak 3.000.000 ekor pertahun. Jabar hanya
mampu mensuplai 10% dari kebutuhan atau
30.000 ekor / tahun. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan
sisanya Jabar mendatangkan sapi potong dari
propinsi lain.
Dalam paragraf di atas terdapat beberapa
kata yang tidak baku. Paragraf di atas akan
menjadi baku jika direvisi dengan cara beri
kut, KECUALI ….

17. Anggota komisi C, Y. Untung, mengatakan tidak
terserapnya anggaran tidak bisa digeneralisasi akibat
perencanaan yang tidak matang. Menurut dia, ada
dua faktor yang menyebabkan hal itu terjadi.
Pertama, dalam realisasi kegiatan ada prinsip
efesiensi. Sehingga ada penghematan saat proses
kegiatan. Kedua, volume kebutuhan bisa berkurang
karena ada penurunan harga barang saat proses
pelaksanaan kegiatan.
Dalam paragraf itu terdapat kalimat yang
strukturnya salah. Kalimat yang dimaksud
adalah ….

18. Unsur inti kalimat Agar pada masa yang akan
datang tidak ada orang yang menuntut ganti rugi,
peristiwa itu perlu mendapat perhatian dari berbagai
pihak adalah ….

19. BKKBN telah menyiapkan alat kontrasepsi gratis
untuk keluarga miskin sebanyak mungkin.
Kontrasepsi dalam kalimat di atas mengandung
arti ….

21. Boleh jadi sikap feodalistik otoriter itu meru
pakan bias dari filsafat klasik, tabula rasa.
Kata bercetak tebal dalam kalimat itu dapat
diganti dengan kata-kata ….

22. Tidak banyak guru …. yang mempunyai banyak
waktu untuk membaca …. lain, diluar …. untuk
memantapkan konsep dasar sains.
Istilah yang tepat untuk mengisi bagian yang
rumpang dalam kalimat itu adalah ….

23. Polusi udara memang terjadi secara alamiah. sebab
fenomena alam seperti letusan gunung merapi,
kebakaran hutan, debu, tumbuh-tumbuhan yang
membusuk, bangkai hewan, dan garam laut dapat
mencemari udara. Akan tetapi semua ini masih
dapat dikatakan dalam batas-batas yang dapat
ditoleransi. Artinya proses laju pembersihan polusi
dari udara dan laju pencemaran itu masih dalam
keseimbangan alam. Oleh karena itu, harus dapat
memelihara kebersihan lingkungan.
Kalimat yang tidak logis dalam paragraf
tersebut adalah ….

24. Pribahasa yang mengungkapkan mengerjakan
dua atau tiga perbuatan dalam satu waktu
ialah ….

25. Buku ini membahas berbagai cretivity manusia
sejak zaman kuno, sampai diketemukannya semua
bidang ilmu, sejak dari sejarah lahirnya ilmu penge
tahuan sampai penciptaannya. Buku ini akan
menambah segudang pemahaman atas lahirnya
secara jelas dan detail. Kapan dan dimana ilmu
pengetahuan berasal?
Kalimat di atas akan menjadi kalimat baku
jika diperbaiki dengan cara berikut,
KECUALI ….

Menjelang digulirkannya dana subsidi bahan bakar minyak (BBM) oleh pemerintah khususnya untuk sektor pendidikan, kini sejumlah daerah mulai melakukan publisitas tentang kondisi persoalan pendidikan di daerahnya masing-masing. Namun, disinyalir tak jarang dari data yang diekpos itu sengaja dibesar-besarkan agar mendapat dana yang besar pula.

Dari kabupaten Purwakarta dilaporkan sebanyak 2.000 anak usia 7-12 tahun hingga saat ini belum manikmati bangku sekolah. Hal itu terjadi akibat ketidak mampuan orang tua dalam membiayai sekolah mereka. Bila kondisi itu dibiarkan, maka dipastikan akan menurunkan tingkat angka partisipasi murni (APM) bagi anak seusia itu dalam memasuki pendidikan dasar (SD). Padahal, APM, SD di Kabupaten Purwakarta tahun 2004 lalu dinilai masih relatif baik hingga mencapai 92,40%.
01. Pernyataan berikut ini yang tidak sesuai dengan teks di atas adalah ….

Menjelang digulirkannya dana subsidi bahan bakar minyak (BBM) oleh pemerintah khususnya untuk sektor pendidikan, kini sejumlah daerah mulai melakukan publisitas tentang kondisi persoalan pendidikan di daerahnya masing-masing. Namun, disinyalir tak jarang dari data yang diekpos itu sengaja dibesar-besarkan agar mendapat dana yang besar pula.

Dari kabupaten Purwakarta dilaporkan sebanyak 2.000 anak usia 7-12 tahun hingga saat ini belum manikmati bangku sekolah. Hal itu terjadi akibat ketidak mampuan orang tua dalam membiayai sekolah mereka. Bila kondisi itu dibiarkan, maka dipastikan akan menurunkan tingkat angka partisipasi murni (APM) bagi anak seusia itu dalam memasuki pendidikan dasar (SD). Padahal, APM, SD di Kabupaten Purwakarta tahun 2004 lalu dinilai masih relatif baik hingga mencapai 92,40%.
02. Gagasan paragraf dua dikembangkan dengan menggunakan pertanyaan ….

04. Pemakaian tanda baca yang benar terdapat dalam kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini, KECUALI ….

05. Penulisan yang sesuai dengan EYD terdapat pada kalimat ….

06. (1) Vitamin A murni berupa kristal kuning pucat, tahan terhadap panas dan sinar, dan mudah rusak karena oksidasi. (2) Vitamin A merupakan salah satu vitamin yang tidak larut dalam air. (3) Karenanya, vitamin A berkhasiat untuk mnejaga keutuhan kulit serta meningkatkan kesehatan mata dan pertahanan tubuh terhadap infeksi kuman, virus, dan parasit. (4) Namun, vitamin ini larut dalam pelarut lemak. (5) Vitamin ini penting untuk keutuhan lapisan epitel uang menyelaputi tubuh, yaitu kulit dan jaringan mukosa yang menutupi mata dan rongga saluran pencernaan, saluran pernapasan, serta saluran kemih.
Urutan kalimat yang tepat untuk paragraf di atas adalah ….

07. Kata yang bermakna asosiasi terdapat dalam
kalimat, KECUALI ….

08. Sejalan dengan perkembangan yang terjadi, jumlah
penduduk Kota Bandung terus mengalami pening
katan dengan jumlah urbanisasi sebanyak 2,3%,
sedangkan pertumbuhan alami sebesar 1,08%.
Kalimat di atas merupakan perluasan kalimat
inti ….

09. Dalam dunia pendidikan pada masa kini menuntut
guru sebagai fasilitator membuat anak dapat
mengaplikasikan ilmu yang diperoleh di sekolah
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Kalimat di atas tidak baku. Kalimat itu akan
menjadi baku jika diperbaiki dengan cara ….

10. Barang yang dikatakan bekas tidak selamanya harus dibuang atau dimusnahkan. Teknologi canggih kini mendukung pemanfaatan barang bekas menjadi daur ulang yang dapat dijadikan komoditas siap pakai. Sebagai contoh, sampah yang menggunung di tempat pembuangan kini menjadi ajang rezeki. Para pemungut sampah memburu botol bekas, pecahan kaca, karton bekas, plastik, sandal, atau sepatu bekas, kaleng dan lain-lain. Barang bekas yang sejenis dikelompokkan kemudian dijual kepada penadah dengan tarif per kilogram. Oleh penadah dikirim dengan truk-truk atau kerata api ke pabrik-pabrik ke kota besar lainya sebagai bahan baku. Seorang penadah barangbekas tersebut mencapai omzet penjualan sampai ratusan juta rupiah. Demikian pula dengan barang bekas yang lain seperti ban mobil. Dengan kreatifitas, ban mobil bagian luar kini dapat disulap menjadi perangkat meja kursi yang artistik dengan harga jutaan rupiah.
Simpulan bacaan di atas adalah ….

11. (1) Wanita Indonesia harus mendapat pendidikan
seperti kaum pria.
(2) Mereka akan menjadi ibu yang mendidik anak
anaknya.
(3) Anak-anak akan menjadi manusia yang
pandai dan berguna bagi masyarakat.
(4) Ibu yang mengasuhnya hanyalah ibu yang bodoh
Rangkaian yang tepat dari keempat kalimat
tersebut adalah ….

12. 1. yang akan menuju Nias
2. dari dalam dan luar
3. terlantar di Medan
4. para relawan
5. yang akan menuju
6. karena pesawat
7. Gunung Sitoli, Nias
8. Bandara Binaka
9. masih terbatas
Frase-frase di atas dapat disusun menjadi kali
mat majemuk bertingkat yang baik dengan
urutan ….

13. Pembanguanan yang menyangkut semua aspek
kehidupan manusia harus dilakukan secara merata
dan berkesinambungan sehigga dapat meningkatkan
kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Yang harus dilakukan dalam kalimat itu
adalah ….

14. Yang merupakan kalimat baku ….

15. Berikut ini adalah kalimat penutup dalam
surat yang tepat adalah ….

16. Mengapa kita selalu terlambat mengantisipasi ben cana-demi bencana yang terjadi di negeri ini? Banyak jawaban yang dapat diajukan. Namun, ada satu aspek penyebab buruknya dampak peristiwa itu. Masyarakat tidak mendapat informasi yang memadai untuk memprediksi dan mengantisipasi bencana. Mereka tidak cukup mendapat penerangan bagaimana menghindari bencana.
Di antara pernyataan di atas ini yang TIDAK dapat disebut kalimat adalah ….

17. Presiden mengharapkan rakyat dapat membangun bangsa dan negara ini dengan kemampuan yang ada pada dirinya. Kalimat di atas mempunyai makna yang sama dengan kalimat ….

18. Raden Ajeng Kartini lahir di Jepara tanggal 21
April …. adalah salah satu wanita yang telah
memperjuangkan nasib kaumnya …. Mau ber
korban demi nusa dan bangsa. Oleh karena itu,
jasa …. selalu dikenang bangsa Indonesia.
Kata ganti orang yang tepat untuk mengisi
bagian yang rumpang kalimat diatas adalah ….

19. Cek adalah merupakan alat pembayaran, tetapi
bukan sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah.
Rangkaian kata di atas menjadi kalimat baku
jika dilakukan hal berikut ….

20. Pemilu nasional untuk memilih presiden dan wakil
presiden, anggota DPR dan anggota DPD diseleng
garakan secara nasional. Pemilu presiden / wakil
presiden diikuti calon perseorangan yang diusulkan
oleh partai nasional. Partai lokal tidak dapat
mengikuti pemilu nasional. jika dukungan partai
lokal menyebar ke seluruh negeri, ia bisa naik
menjadi partai nasional. Partai lokal hanya dapat
mengikuti pemilu daerah.
Pernyataan berikut yang sesuai dengan isi
paragraf di atas adalah ….

21. Penanganan relokasi pemukiman recovery
masyarakat serta pemulihan kondisi lingkungan
adalah prioritas utama yang harus segera dilakukan
di Kabupaten Ciamis. Hal ini untuk memberikan
kepastian kelangsungan nasib korban bencana
tsunami. Selain itu alokasi anggaran untuk
menangani bencana tsunami harus segera mendapat
kepastian dan bisa secepatnya dicairkan.
Paragraf di atas dapat dinyatakan secara
ringkas dengan kalimat ….

22. Kalimat yang merupakan kalimat majemuk
bertingkat dengan anak kalimat pengganti
keterangan subjek adalah ….

23. Pengembangan kualitas sumber daya manusia, teru
tama anak dan remaja di bawah usia 19 tahun yang
kini berjumlah 85 juta oarng perlu diperhatikan.
Kalimat intiny a mempunyai pola yang sama
dengan ….

24. Kalimat permintaan saran yang tepat dalam
kata pengantar karya tulis adalah ….

25. Pola pembentukan kata pemukiman penduduk
dalam kalimat Banjir merupakan satu ciri banyak
kota dan tempat lain yang padat permukiman
penduduk di hampir sepanjang pantai utara Pulau
Jawa sama dengan pola pembentukan kata berikut,
KECUALI ….

01. Para mahasiswa termasuk mahasiswa Program
Pasca Sarjana merupakan civitas academia
sehingga memiliki hak yang sama untuk mengguna
kan fasilitas perpustakaan.
kalimat di atas akan menjadi kalimat baku
jika ejaannya diperbaiki sebagai berikut,
KECUALI ….

02. Pada hari pertama, sebelum ujian dimulai, semua
peserta tes latihan mengisi lembar jawaban ujian.
Setiap perserta ujian mendapatkan satu set soal dan
lembar jawaban untuk berlatih. Dalam pengisian
lembar tersebut, mereka dipandu oleh pengawas
ujian. Perlatihan ini dimaksudkan agar mereka
dapat mengerjakan dengan lancar tanpa mengalami
banyak kesulitan.
Dalam kutipan di atas, terdapat bentukan
kata yang salah, yakni ….

03. Kata bercetak miring dalam kalimat berikut
ini termasuk kata baku, KECUALI ….

04. Kelas akselerasi adalah untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan siswa yang memiliki potensi dan bakat
akademis luar biasa.
Istilah akselerasi dalam kalimat di atas
berarti ….

05. Kalimat berikut yang termasuk kalimat
bernalar adalah ….

06. Kalimat berikut yang baku adalah ….

07. Kalimat berikut yang termasuk kalimat baku
adalah ….

08. Kalimat berikut ini yang termasuk kalimat
baku adalah ….

09. Bagi sebagian besar orang, minum kopi memang
sudah semacam keharusan atau aktivitas yang rutin
tiap hari, khususnya pagi hari.
Minum kopi diyakini bisa memnamgkitkan
semangat seseorang selain rasanya yang memang
memberikan kenikmatan tersendiri.
Kedua kalimat tersebut dapat digabung
menjadi satu kalimat. Gabungan yang tepat
adalah ….

10. Pilihan kata yang tepat tedapat dalam
kalimat ….

11. Sejak lahirnya konsep pemikiran baru dalam ilmu kedok
teran, yang dicetuskan oleh Profesor Linus Pauling, yakni
tentang Ortomolecular medicine yang dasarnya adalah
studi biologi molekuler sebagai sains dasar, penelitian medis
diarahkan pada molekl-molekul yang sacara normal biologis
fisiologis ada dalam tubuh manusia.
Inti kalimat yang panjang itu adalah …

12. Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi merupakan tulang
punggung pembangunan ekonomi. Dengan ber-
pegangan pada keyakinan itu, sejumlah negara in
dustri baru secara … mengalokasikan sejumlah
besar dana untuk memajukan iptek di negaranya.
Hasilnya, mereka berhasil menciptakan invensi dan
inovasi secara … untuk kemudian diterapkan di
bidang industri.
Kata yang tepat untuk melengkapi kutipan di
atas ….

13. Segala hal yang dilakukan selama ini sebenarnya
tidak konsisten.
Kata konsisten dalam kalimat tersenut
berarti ….

15. Kalimat berikut ini yang termasuk kalimat
baku adalah ….

16. Kalimat-kalimat berikut menyatakan
pendapat, KECUALI ….

17. Boim akan meneliti kemampuan siswa kelas II
SMA dlam menulis karangan ilmiah. Dalam
proposal penelitiannya, Boim mencantumkan pijakan
dasar yang mengatakan bahwa menurut kurikulum
yang berlaku, siswa kelas II SMA telah diajari
menulis karangan ilmiah.
Pernyataan Boim yang dinyatakan pijakan
dasar penelitian disebut….

18. Karena pentingnya peran kebiasaan membaca,
sekolah harusnya mamiliki program yang sistemtis
bisa menumbuhkan kebiasaan membaca. Meskipun
keluarga berperan besar dalam menumbuhkan
kebiasaan membaca, sekolah perlu secara terprogram
menumbuhkan kebiasaan siswanya. Hal ini disebab
kan oleh kenyataan bahwa banyak sekali waktu
yang dihabiskan oleh siswa disekolah dan tidak
semua siswa memiliki latar belakang keluarga yang
memiliki budaya gemar membaca yang bisa
menularkan kebiasaan tersebut.
Inti paragraf di atas adalah ….

19. Klorofil biasanya dianggap sebagai darah bagi
tanaman. Keberadaannya dibentuk melalui proses
diseluruh alam semesta. Klorofil dibentuk melalui
proses fotosintesis di dalam tanaman yang disimpan
pada bagian daun utamanya. Klorofil kaya akan
sumber mineral alami, vitamin protein, elamen, dan
mikronutrien. Semua zat tersebut penting untuk
menjaga kesehatan, terutama untuk menyeimbang
kan kandungan asam dan basa di dalam tubuh.
Paragraf tersebut merupakan pengembangan
dari pikiran pokok ….

20. Sebagaimana telah ditetapkan dalam GBHN,
bahwa pembangunan pendidikan dititikberatkan
pada peninngkatan setiap jenjang dan jenis
pendidikan.
Kalimat di atas dapat diperbaiki dengan
mengilangkan kata ….

21. Tidak siketahui persis awal mula manusia
menggunakan warna untuk terapi penyembuhan.
Terapi warna disebut-sebut sudah ada sejak zaman
Mesir kuno. Dalam motologi Mesir, warna dipercaya
mampu menyembuhkan bebagai macam penyakit.
Bahkan pada masa itu didirikan bangunan untuk
penyembuhan dengan menggunakan cahaya dan
warna. Penelitian pada awal abad ke-19, menemu
kan bahwa tiap warna dalam sinar matahari
mengalirkan frekuensi dan gelombang panjang yang
berbeda. Inti dari penyembuhan itu adalah
penyerapan energi sinar matahari melalui mata dan
kulit.
Hal-hal berikut dikemukakan dalam paragraf
di atas, KECUALI ….

22. Dengan dikembangkannya Manajemen Berbasis
Sekolah, para pengelola dan praktisi pendidikan
menjadi kunci keberhasilan pendidikan. Alasannya
adalah sekarang kepala sekolah, wakil, dan deputi
deputinya harus siap menangani dan mengelola
segudang permasalahan dan beraneka ragamnya
sumber daya pendidikan seperti fasilitas, aset,
keuangan, dan seluruh stakeholder pendidikan
lainnya. Untuk itu, sebuah teknologi informasi yang
dapat membantu mereka harus dihadirkan agar
dapat membentuk mereka dalam mengambil
keputusan sehari-hari.
Ide pokok dalam paragraf di atas adalah ….

23. Hutan Indonesia kurang dapat dikelola dengan baik dan tidak dikelola dengan berkesinambungan. Di Finlandia, 62 persen hutan dimiliki kelompok kelompok keluarga, perusahaan kehutanan 9 persen, negara 25 persen, dan yang lain 5 persen. Di Indonesia seluruh kawasan hutan adalah milik negara. Negara mengasai hutan begitu besar, tetapi tidak mampu mengurus, akhirnya keadaan hutan makin rusak. Dalam catatan Persatuan Sarjana Kehutanan (persaki), kerusakan sudah mencapai 3,5 juta hektare per tahun.
Urutan kalimat pada paragraf diatas merupakan ….

25. Pada tahun 1948, Indonesia telah berhasil mencapai
swasembada beras. Hal ini berarti harga beras
relatif terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Meningkatnya
ketersediaan beras, pendapatan penduduk dan sistem
nilai sosial pada beras telah mengarahkan pola
konsumsi pangan pokok beras. Karena itu, di perlu
kan upaya-upaya penganekaragaman pangan pokok
untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada beras seka
ligus mempertahankan swasembada beras, serta
meningkatkan mutu gizi pangan penduduk.
Pernyataan berikut yang sesuai dengan isi
paragraf di atas adalah ….

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
31. With reference to the whole text, the writer
mainly deals with topic on .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
32. The writer is mainly of the opinion that tracing, ancient humans’ life using their DNA .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
33. The physical look of hominid species can even be reconstructed using the DNA technology under the condition that .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
34. Based on the text, the following would be the kind of information that could be revealed about ancient people through modern genome analysis, except…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
35. Based on the text, soon Darwin’s human evolution theory will be most likely empirically validated, if contemporary DNA analysis are supported by the following factors, except .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
36. Which of the following ideas from the text above contains an opinion?

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
37. The study aims at evaluating the impact of calorie restriction on .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
38. If the information in the text is true, the risks that someone whose calorie consumption is controlled up to the portion suggested in the study suffers from bone cancer are .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
39. The following is among other things the empirical impact of the study mentioned in the text, except .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
40. As mentioned in the text, the study held at the multi center CALERIE, Tufts University in Boston has employed a research method that seems to be .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
41. Which of the following statements in the text above contains an opinion?

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
42. The part that comes before the text would most likely describe .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
43. The scientists see that the internal mechanism in a human’s brain related with enjoyment in having a good meals are .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
44. Humor is worth in these four facest, except .…

21. Investasi perlu didorong ke luar Jawa. Selain
kekayaan sumber daya alamnya, investasi di luar
Jawa juga lebih menarik karena daya beli rata
rata masyarakat di luar Jawa sebenarnya lebih
tinggi dibandingkan dengan daya beli rata-rata
penduduk Pulau Jawa. Namun, keterbatasan
infrastruktur di luar Pulau Jawa masih menjadi
penghambat pengembangan investasi di
sejumlah sektor.
Dalam bacaan di atas tersirat bahwa

22. Selain masih minim dan kurang terurusnya fasilitas, persoalan toilet umum yang kotor di kota berakar pada masalah budaya masyarakat. Dalam budaya masyarakat Indonesia yang agraris, masyarakat pada zaman dahulu pernah punya kebiasaan buang hajat di alam terbuka, seperti sungai, empang, hutan, atau semak belukar di belakang rumah, tanpa harus membersihkannya. Kotoran dibiarkan saja karena bisa langsung diurai organisme dalam tanah, tumbuhan, atau air. Di kota orang harus buang hajat di toilet, tetapi kebiasaan lama masih dibawa. Buktinya, masih banyak pengunjung toilet umum pergi begitu saja tanpa menyiram atau membersihkan peturasannya.
Topik paragraf di atas adalah

23. Satu pelajaran penting yang dapat diambil dari pelbagai macam upaya penyelesaian konflik Palestina dan Israel adalah bahwa konferensi atau perundingan apa pun tidak mampu mengubah warna jalan-jalan di Timur Tengah. Tatkala perdamaian menderu kencang di ruang konferensi, suara tembakan dan kekerasan acap kali mewarnai jalan-jalan di kawasan itu. Persoalan konflik Palestina dan Israel bukan persoalan elite belaka. Persoalan ini telah menyebar dan meluas menjadi persoalan masyarakat Timur Tengah secara umum.
Berdasarkan isi bacaan di atas, pernyataan berikut ini benar, kecuali

24. Pada tahun 2008 pertumbuhan ekonomi Amerika Serikat diperkirakan melambat menjadi 2% atau sedikit menurun dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Menuruf IMF, sekitar 1% penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Amerika Serikat akan menurunkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Asia sekitar 0,5% – 1%. Dampak resesi global yang berasal dari resesi di Amerika Serikat akan mempengaruhi proyeksi perekonomian di negara-negara Asia, terutama Indonesia. Ekonomi global diperkirakan mengalami penurunan pertumbuhan sebesar 0,4 %, dari 5,2 % pada tahun 2007 menjadi 4,8 % pada tahun 2008. Negara-negara di Asia Tenggara diperkirakan mengalami tekanan paling parah akibat melambatnya ekonomi yang terjadi di Amerika.
Berdasarkan bacaan di atas, pernyataan berikut ini yang salah adalah …

25. Kehidupan orang Malind, salah satu suku di Papua yang masih mengandalkan perburuan dan penokokan sagu untuk mencari makanan, sangat dipengaruhi alam. Selama ribuan tahun kekayaan hutan ulayat Malind membuat hidup mereka berkelimpahan. Sagu di mana-mana, saham (kanguru kecil) dan rusa berlarian, burungburung berkicau di sekitar kampung adat, dan ikan pun melimpah. Namun, sekitar dua puluh tahun yang lalu, sebuah sentakan budaya terjadi ketika lebih dan 48.000 hektare hutan ulayat dibuka menjadi sawah bagi para transmigran. Dari bacaan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa

26. Terbatasnya lahan dan modal usaha di tengah semakin tingginya tuntutan kebutuhan hidup acap kali justru mendorong kreativitas. Tidak pernah puas dengan hasil kerja yang sama bertahun-tahun, terobosan-terobosan baru pun dilakukan untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih baik. …. Mereka berhasil mengembangkan budi daya ternak itik unggul organik yang merupakan persilangan dari itik alabio Kalimantan Timur dengan itik Mojosari Jawa Timur.
Kalimat yang tepat untuk melengkapi titik-titik dalam bacaan di atas adalah

27. Asam folat selama ini dikenal luas sebagai suplemen wajib pada masa prakehamilan dan kehamilan …, timbul anggapan bahwa zat ini hanya dibutuhkan oleh para calon ibu. …, baik pria maupun wanita sama-sama membutuhkan asupan harian asam folat. …, kebutuhan harian asam folat pria dewasa sama besarnya dengan kebutuhan wanita dewasa.
Kata yang tepat untuk mengisi tiga bagian kosong dalam bacaan di atas berturut-turut adalah

28. Jumlah ini meningkat tajam dari tahun sebelumnya yang hanya tiga kasus. (2) Menurut Direktur LBH Palembang, Eti Gustina, pada tahun 2007 terjadi 39 kasus penyerobotan tanah milik warga di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. (3) Demikian salah satu kesimpulan refleksi akhir tahun LBH Palembang. (4) Konflik ini di antaranya terjadi di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin dan Ogan Komering Ilir. (5) Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Palembang mencatat peningkatan ketegangan akibat kasus penyerobotan tanah milik warga oleh sejumlah perusahaan perkebunan tahun 2007.
Untuk menjadi sebuah paragraf yang runtut, kalimat-kalimat di atas harus disusun menjadi

29. Untuk membangun tanggul penahan banjir, pemerintah akan merelokasi warga yang tinggal di bantaran sungai. Yang dimaksud dengan bantaran dalam kalimat di atas adalah

30. Kata yang mengalami perubahan makna karena asosiasi terdapat dalam kalimat …

31. Kalimat Kegiatan ekoturisme untuk mengkonservasi alam sering tidak sejalan dengan kebiasaan masyarakat setempat memiliki pola yang sama dengan kalimat …

33. Kalimat Tugas utama pemerintah adalah
memperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat kelas
bawah mempunyai pola yang sama dengan
kalimat

34. Kalimat yang baku adalah

35. Kalimat berikut baku, kecuali

36. Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa kebanyakan orang pada saat ini lebih memilih menggunakan kamera yang ada pada telepon genggam daripada secara khusus membeli kamera biasa karena kamera analog dianggap kurang praktis.
Inti kalimat tersebut adalah

37. Kalimat Dalam pergaulan sehari-hari sering
terlihat ada orang yang tidak dapat menerima
saran orang lain memiliki pola yang sama dengan
kalimat

38. Penurunan cukai impor beras menjadi Rp.450,-
per kilogram per 1 Januari 2008 dimaksudkan
agar Bulog dapat mengendalikan harga beras.
Kalimat tersebut akan benar ejaannya apabila

39. Kalimat yang penulisannya mengikuti EYD
adalah

40. Untuk kurangi pemanasan global maka masyarakat diminta untuk pemakaian kendaraan bermotor. meminimalisir Kalimat di atas akan menjadi kalimat baku apabila diperbaiki dengan cara berikut, kecuali

Orang Indonesia yang gemar melancong ke luar negeri mungkin lebih kenal Singapura atau Eropadaripada daerah dan budaya negeri sendiri. Penelitian Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata tahun2004 mengungkapkan bahwa mereka yang bepergian ke mancanegara rata-rata baru pernahmengunjungi tiga dari 33 provinsi di Tanah Air.

Selain wisatawan asing, turis lokal sebetulnya dapat menjadi pasar pariwisata. Persoalannya adalah bahwa faktor yang menarik bagi mereka untuk berwisata di negeri sendiri sangat lemah. Objek wisata di luar Bali, misalnya, rata-rata kurang terawat karena keterbatasan dana. Menjangkau lokasinya pun tak mudah karena sarana transportasi terbatas. Berbagai retribusi memberatkan pengusaha wisata untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Dukungan pemerintah daerah pada usaha kepariwisataan pun masih kurang.

Pada tahun 2000, melalui 13 pintu keberangkatan, tercatat 2,2 juta orang Indonesia yang berkunjung ke negeri asing. Empat tahun kemudian melonjak menjadi 3,9 juta. Hingga November 2005, sudah 3,7 juta orang melancong ke negara lain.

Menurut Sekjen Asosiasi Biro Perjalanan dan Wisata (ASITA), objek wisata di negeri orang menyajikan atraksi menarik pada saat pergantian tahun. Bulan Juni dan Juli, masa libur sekolah, juga waktu favorit warga Indonesia untuk berlibur ke luar negeri. Kelompok pelancong ke luar negeri terbesar ini adalah penduduk berumur 25 hingga 34 tahun, kelompok yang berada di puncak produktivitas. Mereka pada umumnya berupa pasangan muda, pengantin baru, keluarga dengan anak usia di bawah lima tahun, dan dari kelas ekonomi menengah ke atas. Beban finansial yang belum begitu berat memungkinkan mereka dapat menyisihkan biaya berlibur.
21. Pada paragraf kedua terdapat kalimat yang tidak baku, yaitu kalimat

Orang Indonesia yang gemar melancong ke luar negeri mungkin lebih kenal Singapura atau Eropadaripada daerah dan budaya negeri sendiri. Penelitian Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata tahun2004 mengungkapkan bahwa mereka yang bepergian ke mancanegara rata-rata baru pernahmengunjungi tiga dari 33 provinsi di Tanah Air.

Selain wisatawan asing, turis lokal sebetulnya dapat menjadi pasar pariwisata. Persoalannya adalah bahwa faktor yang menarik bagi mereka untuk berwisata di negeri sendiri sangat lemah. Objek wisata di luar Bali, misalnya, rata-rata kurang terawat karena keterbatasan dana. Menjangkau lokasinya pun tak mudah karena sarana transportasi terbatas. Berbagai retribusi memberatkan pengusaha wisata untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Dukungan pemerintah daerah pada usaha kepariwisataan pun masih kurang.

Pada tahun 2000, melalui 13 pintu keberangkatan, tercatat 2,2 juta orang Indonesia yang berkunjung ke negeri asing. Empat tahun kemudian melonjak menjadi 3,9 juta. Hingga November 2005, sudah 3,7 juta orang melancong ke negara lain.

Menurut Sekjen Asosiasi Biro Perjalanan dan Wisata (ASITA), objek wisata di negeri orang menyajikan atraksi menarik pada saat pergantian tahun. Bulan Juni dan Juli, masa libur sekolah, juga waktu favorit warga Indonesia untuk berlibur ke luar negeri. Kelompok pelancong ke luar negeri terbesar ini adalah penduduk berumur 25 hingga 34 tahun, kelompok yang berada di puncak produktivitas. Mereka pada umumnya berupa pasangan muda, pengantin baru, keluarga dengan anak usia di bawah lima tahun, dan dari kelas ekonomi menengah ke atas. Beban finansial yang belum begitu berat memungkinkan mereka dapat menyisihkan biaya berlibur.
22. Topik yang dibicarakan dalam teks di atas adalah

Orang Indonesia yang gemar melancong ke luar negeri mungkin lebih kenal Singapura atau Eropadaripada daerah dan budaya negeri sendiri. Penelitian Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata tahun2004 mengungkapkan bahwa mereka yang bepergian ke mancanegara rata-rata baru pernahmengunjungi tiga dari 33 provinsi di Tanah Air.

Selain wisatawan asing, turis lokal sebetulnya dapat menjadi pasar pariwisata. Persoalannya adalah bahwa faktor yang menarik bagi mereka untuk berwisata di negeri sendiri sangat lemah. Objek wisata di luar Bali, misalnya, rata-rata kurang terawat karena keterbatasan dana. Menjangkau lokasinya pun tak mudah karena sarana transportasi terbatas. Berbagai retribusi memberatkan pengusaha wisata untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Dukungan pemerintah daerah pada usaha kepariwisataan pun masih kurang.

Pada tahun 2000, melalui 13 pintu keberangkatan, tercatat 2,2 juta orang Indonesia yang berkunjung ke negeri asing. Empat tahun kemudian melonjak menjadi 3,9 juta. Hingga November 2005, sudah 3,7 juta orang melancong ke negara lain.

Menurut Sekjen Asosiasi Biro Perjalanan dan Wisata (ASITA), objek wisata di negeri orang menyajikan atraksi menarik pada saat pergantian tahun. Bulan Juni dan Juli, masa libur sekolah, juga waktu favorit warga Indonesia untuk berlibur ke luar negeri. Kelompok pelancong ke luar negeri terbesar ini adalah penduduk berumur 25 hingga 34 tahun, kelompok yang berada di puncak produktivitas. Mereka pada umumnya berupa pasangan muda, pengantin baru, keluarga dengan anak usia di bawah lima tahun, dan dari kelas ekonomi menengah ke atas. Beban finansial yang belum begitu berat memungkinkan mereka dapat menyisihkan biaya berlibur.
23. Berikut ini adalah pernyataan yang tidak sesuai
dengan isi teks di atas

24. Mahasiswa idealis yang memiliki visi dan misi
serta imajinasi bagus itu tahun depan akan
mengikuti program pertukaran mahasiswa
Indonesia-Jepang yang mempakan realisasi
kerja sama bidang pendidikan dan pengajaran.
Pernyataan yang benar berkaitan dengan kalimat
di atas adalah

25. Pelayanan kesehatan di berbagai tempat di
tanah air belum beronentasi kepada pasien. Hal
ini ditandai oleh maraknya pernberian obat
antibiotik yang tidak sesuai dengan kondisi klinis.
Pemakaian antibiotik yang melebihi kebutuhan
bisa mengakibatkan resistansi dalam tubuh
pasien. Kuman penyakit dalam tubuh menjadi
kebal. Oleh karena itu, ….
Kalimat yang tepat untuk melengkapi paragraf di
atas adalah

26. Penulisan kata serapan yang benar terdapat
dalam kalimat

27. Penulisan bilangan dalam kalimat berikut tepat,
KECUALI

28. Kalimat berikut tidak menggunakan tanda baca
yang tepat, KECUALI

29. Penulisan kata yang bercetak miring dalam
kalimat berikut yang sesuai dengan EYD adalah

30. Penulisan kata serapan yang betul terdapat
dalam kalimat

31. Kalimat Koran Masuk Desa merupakan langkah
yang strategis guna meningkatkan kecerdasan
masyarakat.
Memiliki pola yang sama dengan

33. Setidak-tidaknya ada tiga hal yang dapat dilakukan oleh sebuah perusahaan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan disiplin pegawainya. Pertama, perusahaan menyediakan sarana kerja yang memadai. Kedua, dilakukan pemberian contoh oleh atasan. Ketiga. perusahaan menciptakan suasana menyenangkan. kerja yang Empat kalimat di atas dapat diringkas menjadi satu kalimat tanpa mengubah ide dasarnya.
Kalimat yang tepat mencerminkan ide yang dikandung empat kalimat di atas adalah

34. Setahun berikutnya, dengan merangkul Jaeckel,
Lea Rosh menerbitkan sebuah inisiatif ‘Berlin
dalam Perspektif untuk menggolkan ide
pembuatan memorial untuk para keturunan
Yahudi yang dibunuh secara massal di Eropa.
Inti kalimat tersebut meliputi unsur-unsur

36. Deretan kata yang mengemukakan ide yang utuh
adalah

37. Perayaan Imlek, misalnya, diakui sebagai hari
libur fakultatif.
Hari libur fakultatif dalam kalimat tersebut
maksudnya adalah

38. Gaya untuk menghaluskan makna terdapat
dalam kalimat

39. Walaupun hasil pertanian berupa buah-buahan
dan sayur-sayuran itu cukup fluktuatif,
produksinya masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan
pendekatan teknologi.
Kata fluktuatif dalam kalimat ini berarti

40. Pembangunan perkebunan belum berhasil
meningkatkan pendapatan petani kebun pada
tingkat yang optimal.
Proses pembentukan kata dengan me – kan
pada kata meningkatkan dalam kalimat tersebut
mempunyai makna yang sama dengan proses
pembentukan kata dalam kalimat

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere.

Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the earth, this plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rock break  and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that farce is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale – one of the biggest in recorded history.
31. Which of the following best states the topic of this
text?

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere.

Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the earth, this plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rock break  and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that farce is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale – one of the biggest in recorded history.
32. The main idea of this text is that ….

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere.

Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the earth, this plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rock break  and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that farce is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale – one of the biggest in recorded history.
33. Implied in the text is that the earthquake will
never occur when ….

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere.

Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the earth, this plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rock break  and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that farce is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale – one of the biggest in recorded history.
34. Which of the following natural disasters happening
in Indonesia is related to the fault movement of
plate tectonics?

The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous layer called the asthenosphere.

Think of pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pie filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the earth, this plates are constantly in motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This results in an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rock break  and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force, the energy of that farce is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea level. This is birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale – one of the biggest in recorded history.
35. The following is mentioned in the text about
tsunamis, EXCEPT that they are ….

Text 2
Indentifying ingredients in old paintings can help curators decide how best to maintain, display and restore them. The 17th-century Dutch artis, Rembrandt, was found to use wheat, according to new advanced analysis of two of his works. It is the first study to identify wheat starch in any of Rembrandt‟s work, even though scientists have perfomed numerous analyses on more than 150 of his.

In Rembrandt‟s time, artists mixed their own paints, which they then spread onto canvas in layers. Often, individual layers of the same piece of art contained different binding agents, pigments, varnishes and other ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right level of thickness, glossines, texture, evenness on the surface, drying time and more.

However, paint layers are though to analyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The  thinnes ones rise just a thousandth of a millimeter above the layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and physical analytical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able to identify pigments and other inorganic materials in many ancient paintings.

For the new study, the scientist used some of the most high-tech equipment around to look at the “Portrait of Nicolaes Van Bambeeck,” which Rembrandt van Rijn painted in 1641. First they  took a cross-section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of methods to probe the layers, including a technique called Time of Fly  Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (To F SIMS). This technique involves sending a focused, high-energy beam of ions at the layered sample, then observing the ions that bounce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature of the ejected ions, scientists can deduce detailed information about the types of elements and chemical bonds held within.

For the second greyish layer of paint on the “Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck,” the scan showed, Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It‟s not clear yet whether Rembrandt used wheat earlier or continued to use ingredient after painting the “Portrait of Nicolaed van Bambeeck,” who was a rich wool merchant. But the researchers also found wheat in the “Portrait of Agatha Bas,” the merchant‟s wife.
36. What would the paragraph following the passage
be likely to discuss?

Text 2
Indentifying ingredients in old paintings can help curators decide how best to maintain, display and restore them. The 17th-century Dutch artis, Rembrandt, was found to use wheat, according to new advanced analysis of two of his works. It is the first study to identify wheat starch in any of Rembrandt‟s work, even though scientists have perfomed numerous analyses on more than 150 of his.

In Rembrandt‟s time, artists mixed their own paints, which they then spread onto canvas in layers. Often, individual layers of the same piece of art contained different binding agents, pigments, varnishes and other ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right level of thickness, glossines, texture, evenness on the surface, drying time and more.

However, paint layers are though to analyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The  thinnes ones rise just a thousandth of a millimeter above the layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and physical analytical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able to identify pigments and other inorganic materials in many ancient paintings.

For the new study, the scientist used some of the most high-tech equipment around to look at the “Portrait of Nicolaes Van Bambeeck,” which Rembrandt van Rijn painted in 1641. First they  took a cross-section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of methods to probe the layers, including a technique called Time of Fly  Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (To F SIMS). This technique involves sending a focused, high-energy beam of ions at the layered sample, then observing the ions that bounce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature of the ejected ions, scientists can deduce detailed information about the types of elements and chemical bonds held within.

For the second greyish layer of paint on the “Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck,” the scan showed, Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It‟s not clear yet whether Rembrandt used wheat earlier or continued to use ingredient after painting the “Portrait of Nicolaed van Bambeeck,” who was a rich wool merchant. But the researchers also found wheat in the “Portrait of Agatha Bas,” the merchant‟s wife.
37. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

Text 2
Indentifying ingredients in old paintings can help curators decide how best to maintain, display and restore them. The 17th-century Dutch artis, Rembrandt, was found to use wheat, according to new advanced analysis of two of his works. It is the first study to identify wheat starch in any of Rembrandt‟s work, even though scientists have perfomed numerous analyses on more than 150 of his.

In Rembrandt‟s time, artists mixed their own paints, which they then spread onto canvas in layers. Often, individual layers of the same piece of art contained different binding agents, pigments, varnishes and other ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right level of thickness, glossines, texture, evenness on the surface, drying time and more.

However, paint layers are though to analyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The  thinnes ones rise just a thousandth of a millimeter above the layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and physical analytical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able to identify pigments and other inorganic materials in many ancient paintings.

For the new study, the scientist used some of the most high-tech equipment around to look at the “Portrait of Nicolaes Van Bambeeck,” which Rembrandt van Rijn painted in 1641. First they  took a cross-section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of methods to probe the layers, including a technique called Time of Fly  Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (To F SIMS). This technique involves sending a focused, high-energy beam of ions at the layered sample, then observing the ions that bounce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature of the ejected ions, scientists can deduce detailed information about the types of elements and chemical bonds held within.

For the second greyish layer of paint on the “Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck,” the scan showed, Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It‟s not clear yet whether Rembrandt used wheat earlier or continued to use ingredient after painting the “Portrait of Nicolaed van Bambeeck,” who was a rich wool merchant. But the researchers also found wheat in the “Portrait of Agatha Bas,” the merchant‟s wife.
38. According to paragraph 1, which of the following
words can best describe scientists effort to identify
ingredients in Rembrandt‟s paintings?

Text 2
Indentifying ingredients in old paintings can help curators decide how best to maintain, display and restore them. The 17th-century Dutch artis, Rembrandt, was found to use wheat, according to new advanced analysis of two of his works. It is the first study to identify wheat starch in any of Rembrandt‟s work, even though scientists have perfomed numerous analyses on more than 150 of his.

In Rembrandt‟s time, artists mixed their own paints, which they then spread onto canvas in layers. Often, individual layers of the same piece of art contained different binding agents, pigments, varnishes and other ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right level of thickness, glossines, texture, evenness on the surface, drying time and more.

However, paint layers are though to analyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The  thinnes ones rise just a thousandth of a millimeter above the layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and physical analytical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able to identify pigments and other inorganic materials in many ancient paintings.

For the new study, the scientist used some of the most high-tech equipment around to look at the “Portrait of Nicolaes Van Bambeeck,” which Rembrandt van Rijn painted in 1641. First they  took a cross-section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of methods to probe the layers, including a technique called Time of Fly  Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (To F SIMS). This technique involves sending a focused, high-energy beam of ions at the layered sample, then observing the ions that bounce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature of the ejected ions, scientists can deduce detailed information about the types of elements and chemical bonds held within.

For the second greyish layer of paint on the “Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck,” the scan showed, Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It‟s not clear yet whether Rembrandt used wheat earlier or continued to use ingredient after painting the “Portrait of Nicolaed van Bambeeck,” who was a rich wool merchant. But the researchers also found wheat in the “Portrait of Agatha Bas,” the merchant‟s wife.
39. How does the author organize the ideas in the
passage?

Text 2
Indentifying ingredients in old paintings can help curators decide how best to maintain, display and restore them. The 17th-century Dutch artis, Rembrandt, was found to use wheat, according to new advanced analysis of two of his works. It is the first study to identify wheat starch in any of Rembrandt‟s work, even though scientists have perfomed numerous analyses on more than 150 of his.

In Rembrandt‟s time, artists mixed their own paints, which they then spread onto canvas in layers. Often, individual layers of the same piece of art contained different binding agents, pigments, varnishes and other ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right level of thickness, glossines, texture, evenness on the surface, drying time and more.

However, paint layers are though to analyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The  thinnes ones rise just a thousandth of a millimeter above the layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and physical analytical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able to identify pigments and other inorganic materials in many ancient paintings.

For the new study, the scientist used some of the most high-tech equipment around to look at the “Portrait of Nicolaes Van Bambeeck,” which Rembrandt van Rijn painted in 1641. First they  took a cross-section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of methods to probe the layers, including a technique called Time of Fly  Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (To F SIMS). This technique involves sending a focused, high-energy beam of ions at the layered sample, then observing the ions that bounce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature of the ejected ions, scientists can deduce detailed information about the types of elements and chemical bonds held within.

For the second greyish layer of paint on the “Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck,” the scan showed, Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It‟s not clear yet whether Rembrandt used wheat earlier or continued to use ingredient after painting the “Portrait of Nicolaed van Bambeeck,” who was a rich wool merchant. But the researchers also found wheat in the “Portrait of Agatha Bas,” the merchant‟s wife.
40. What does the word „they‟ in “… own paints, which
they then …(line 5) refer to?

Text A
Soaring carbon emissions from a meat-hungry developing world could be cut back substantially by improving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that livestock farming  contributes 18-51 per cent of the world‟s greenhouse gas emissions. Demand for livestock products is predicted to double by 2050 as a result of growing populations, urbanization, and better income in the developing world, which will cause  emissions to rise

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, suggest that 12 per cent of total livestock-related emissions in 2030 could easily be shortened with simple  improvements in production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture grasses; supplenting livestock diets based on grass with small amounts of crop residues or grains; restoring degraded grazing lands; growing trees that trap  carbon while producing leaves that livestock could eat; and adopting more productive breeds.

“Organizations from the West, especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to blame livestock-keeping for being one of the major  polluters of the world, yet livestock keeping‟s possitives by far outweigh the negative,” said Mario Herrero, co-author of the paper and a senior scientist at International Livestock Research Institute.

Text B
Livestock farmers in developing countries have a relatively small environmental footprint and their animals provide them with food, income and transport for their crops, said John Byron. “What  these farmers need are technological options and economic incentives that help them intensify their production in sustainable ways,” he added.

Steinfeld, coordinator of the Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative at the  Food and Agriculture Organization, said: “If one were able to connect this to smallholder development by making poor farmers benefit through the possibility of carbon offsets and carbon markets that would indeed create a win-win  situation where one would have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing the carbon „hoofprints‟ i.e the carbon footprint of livestock”.

Improving livestock production should be done  to improve livehoods and not just for climate reasons, said Kirtana Chandrasekaran, food campaigner for Friends of the Earth. She added that intensive agriculture also contributes to biodiversity loss so “it‟s very dangerous” just to  look at lowering emissions “when there‟s a whole host of other factor affecting improvement in livestock farming”.
41. The theme of these two text would most likely be
…

Text A
Soaring carbon emissions from a meat-hungry developing world could be cut back substantially by improving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that livestock farming  contributes 18-51 per cent of the world‟s greenhouse gas emissions. Demand for livestock products is predicted to double by 2050 as a result of growing populations, urbanization, and better income in the developing world, which will cause  emissions to rise

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, suggest that 12 per cent of total livestock-related emissions in 2030 could easily be shortened with simple  improvements in production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture grasses; supplenting livestock diets based on grass with small amounts of crop residues or grains; restoring degraded grazing lands; growing trees that trap  carbon while producing leaves that livestock could eat; and adopting more productive breeds.

“Organizations from the West, especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to blame livestock-keeping for being one of the major  polluters of the world, yet livestock keeping‟s possitives by far outweigh the negative,” said Mario Herrero, co-author of the paper and a senior scientist at International Livestock Research Institute.

Text B
Livestock farmers in developing countries have a relatively small environmental footprint and their animals provide them with food, income and transport for their crops, said John Byron. “What  these farmers need are technological options and economic incentives that help them intensify their production in sustainable ways,” he added.

Steinfeld, coordinator of the Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative at the  Food and Agriculture Organization, said: “If one were able to connect this to smallholder development by making poor farmers benefit through the possibility of carbon offsets and carbon markets that would indeed create a win-win  situation where one would have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing the carbon „hoofprints‟ i.e the carbon footprint of livestock”.

Improving livestock production should be done  to improve livehoods and not just for climate reasons, said Kirtana Chandrasekaran, food campaigner for Friends of the Earth. She added that intensive agriculture also contributes to biodiversity loss so “it‟s very dangerous” just to  look at lowering emissions “when there‟s a whole host of other factor affecting improvement in livestock farming”.
42. The following ideas reflect opinions in two texts,
EXCEPT …

Text A
Soaring carbon emissions from a meat-hungry developing world could be cut back substantially by improving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that livestock farming  contributes 18-51 per cent of the world‟s greenhouse gas emissions. Demand for livestock products is predicted to double by 2050 as a result of growing populations, urbanization, and better income in the developing world, which will cause  emissions to rise

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, suggest that 12 per cent of total livestock-related emissions in 2030 could easily be shortened with simple  improvements in production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture grasses; supplenting livestock diets based on grass with small amounts of crop residues or grains; restoring degraded grazing lands; growing trees that trap  carbon while producing leaves that livestock could eat; and adopting more productive breeds.

“Organizations from the West, especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to blame livestock-keeping for being one of the major  polluters of the world, yet livestock keeping‟s possitives by far outweigh the negative,” said Mario Herrero, co-author of the paper and a senior scientist at International Livestock Research Institute.

Text B
Livestock farmers in developing countries have a relatively small environmental footprint and their animals provide them with food, income and transport for their crops, said John Byron. “What  these farmers need are technological options and economic incentives that help them intensify their production in sustainable ways,” he added.

Steinfeld, coordinator of the Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative at the  Food and Agriculture Organization, said: “If one were able to connect this to smallholder development by making poor farmers benefit through the possibility of carbon offsets and carbon markets that would indeed create a win-win  situation where one would have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing the carbon „hoofprints‟ i.e the carbon footprint of livestock”.

Improving livestock production should be done  to improve livehoods and not just for climate reasons, said Kirtana Chandrasekaran, food campaigner for Friends of the Earth. She added that intensive agriculture also contributes to biodiversity loss so “it‟s very dangerous” just to  look at lowering emissions “when there‟s a whole host of other factor affecting improvement in livestock farming”.
43. It can be concluded from the two texts that cattle
productions are considered „succesful‟ if they …

Text A
Soaring carbon emissions from a meat-hungry developing world could be cut back substantially by improving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that livestock farming  contributes 18-51 per cent of the world‟s greenhouse gas emissions. Demand for livestock products is predicted to double by 2050 as a result of growing populations, urbanization, and better income in the developing world, which will cause  emissions to rise

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, suggest that 12 per cent of total livestock-related emissions in 2030 could easily be shortened with simple  improvements in production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture grasses; supplenting livestock diets based on grass with small amounts of crop residues or grains; restoring degraded grazing lands; growing trees that trap  carbon while producing leaves that livestock could eat; and adopting more productive breeds.

“Organizations from the West, especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to blame livestock-keeping for being one of the major  polluters of the world, yet livestock keeping‟s possitives by far outweigh the negative,” said Mario Herrero, co-author of the paper and a senior scientist at International Livestock Research Institute.

Text B
Livestock farmers in developing countries have a relatively small environmental footprint and their animals provide them with food, income and transport for their crops, said John Byron. “What  these farmers need are technological options and economic incentives that help them intensify their production in sustainable ways,” he added.

Steinfeld, coordinator of the Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative at the  Food and Agriculture Organization, said: “If one were able to connect this to smallholder development by making poor farmers benefit through the possibility of carbon offsets and carbon markets that would indeed create a win-win  situation where one would have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing the carbon „hoofprints‟ i.e the carbon footprint of livestock”.

Improving livestock production should be done  to improve livehoods and not just for climate reasons, said Kirtana Chandrasekaran, food campaigner for Friends of the Earth. She added that intensive agriculture also contributes to biodiversity loss so “it‟s very dangerous” just to  look at lowering emissions “when there‟s a whole host of other factor affecting improvement in livestock farming”.
44. Which of following statements can be hypothecally
figured out based on the information in these two
texts?

Text A
Soaring carbon emissions from a meat-hungry developing world could be cut back substantially by improving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that livestock farming  contributes 18-51 per cent of the world‟s greenhouse gas emissions. Demand for livestock products is predicted to double by 2050 as a result of growing populations, urbanization, and better income in the developing world, which will cause  emissions to rise

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, suggest that 12 per cent of total livestock-related emissions in 2030 could easily be shortened with simple  improvements in production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture grasses; supplenting livestock diets based on grass with small amounts of crop residues or grains; restoring degraded grazing lands; growing trees that trap  carbon while producing leaves that livestock could eat; and adopting more productive breeds.

“Organizations from the West, especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to blame livestock-keeping for being one of the major  polluters of the world, yet livestock keeping‟s possitives by far outweigh the negative,” said Mario Herrero, co-author of the paper and a senior scientist at International Livestock Research Institute.

Text B
Livestock farmers in developing countries have a relatively small environmental footprint and their animals provide them with food, income and transport for their crops, said John Byron. “What  these farmers need are technological options and economic incentives that help them intensify their production in sustainable ways,” he added.

Steinfeld, coordinator of the Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative at the  Food and Agriculture Organization, said: “If one were able to connect this to smallholder development by making poor farmers benefit through the possibility of carbon offsets and carbon markets that would indeed create a win-win  situation where one would have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing the carbon „hoofprints‟ i.e the carbon footprint of livestock”.

Improving livestock production should be done  to improve livehoods and not just for climate reasons, said Kirtana Chandrasekaran, food campaigner for Friends of the Earth. She added that intensive agriculture also contributes to biodiversity loss so “it‟s very dangerous” just to  look at lowering emissions “when there‟s a whole host of other factor affecting improvement in livestock farming”.
45. The argument for livestock farming in the first text
differs significanly from that in the second text in
that the first text deals with …

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
31. With reference to the whole text, the writer
mainly deals with topic on .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
32. The writer is mainly of the opinion that tracing, ancient humans’ life using their DNA .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
33. The physical look of hominid species can even be reconstructed using the DNA technology under the condition that .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
34. Based on the text, the following would be the kind of information that could be revealed about ancient people through modern genome analysis, except…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
35. Based on the text, soon Darwin’s human evolution theory will be most likely empirically validated, if contemporary DNA analysis are supported by the following factors, except .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
36. Which of the following ideas from the text above contains an opinion?

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
37. The study aims at evaluating the impact of calorie restriction on .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
38. If the information in the text is true, the risks that someone whose calorie consumption is controlled up to the portion suggested in the study suffers from bone cancer are .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
39. The following is among other things the empirical impact of the study mentioned in the text, except .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
40. As mentioned in the text, the study held at the multi center CALERIE, Tufts University in Boston has employed a research method that seems to be .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
41. Which of the following statements in the text above contains an opinion?

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
42. The part that comes before the text would most likely describe .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
43. The scientists see that the internal mechanism in a human’s brain related with enjoyment in having a good meals are .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
44. Humor is worth in these four facest, except .…

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
161. The word “outlay” can best be replaced by
_____

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
162. According to the passage, the high maternal
mortality rate is caused by the following, except
_____

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
163. According to the passage, private sector
services are preferred due to _____.

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
164. What is the main idea of the passage?