Try Out Bahasa Inggris 8 SNBT 2025

Another of the processes that affects the number of species on earth is
extinction, which refers to the situation in which a species ceases to exist.
When environmental conditions change, a species needs to adapt to the new
environmental conditions, or it may become extinct. Extinction of a species is
not a rare occurrence but is instead a rather commonplace one: it has been
estimated that more than 99 percent of the species that have ever existed
have become extinct. Extinction may occur when a species fails to adapt to
evolving environmental conditions in a limited area, a process known as
background extinction. In contrast, a broader and more abrupt extinction,
known as mass extinction, may happen as a result of a catastrophic event or
global climatic change. When such event or change occurs, some species are
able to adapt to the new environment, while those that are unable to adapt
become extinct. From fossil evidence, it appears that at least five great mass
extinctions have occurred; the last mass extinction occurred 65 million years
ago, when the dinosaurs became extinct after 140 million years of existence
on earth, marking the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the
Cenozoic Era.
11.What is the topic of the paragraph?

Another of the processes that affects the number of species on earth is
extinction, which refers to the situation in which a species ceases to exist.
When environmental conditions change, a species needs to adapt to the new
environmental conditions, or it may become extinct. Extinction of a species is
not a rare occurrence but is instead a rather commonplace one: it has been
estimated that more than 99 percent of the species that have ever existed
have become extinct. Extinction may occur when a species fails to adapt to
evolving environmental conditions in a limited area, a process known as
background extinction. In contrast, a broader and more abrupt extinction,
known as mass extinction, may happen as a result of a catastrophic event or
global climatic change. When such event or change occurs, some species are
able to adapt to the new environment, while those that are unable to adapt
become extinct. From fossil evidence, it appears that at least five great mass
extinctions have occurred; the last mass extinction occurred 65 million years
ago, when the dinosaurs became extinct after 140 million years of existence
on earth, marking the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the
Cenozoic Era.
12.The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses _____

_______________ To some extent the comparison is apt, and to a degree it is
helpful in understanding what an actor does when he is creating and
performing a role. With his kings and queens, his cowboys and Indians, or his
spacemen, the child projects himself into a make-believe world. From his
imagination—triggered by his own experience, limited though it may be—he
provides circumstances of time, place, and relationships between the
characters. He then proceeds to behave, that is, to speak and to perform
physical actions, in a manner that he believes is appropriate to these
circumstances. If the game is to prove interesting, these circumstances must
provide a reason for carrying out the actions. He has to rescue the princess
from the enchanted castle, or rid the town of dangerous bandits, or get his
spaceship into orbit without being detected by the enemy. A child with
imagination can become involved in such a game to the extent that it has for
him a degree of reality, and he may become resentful of adults who intrude
into his make-believe world.
13.The paragraph should begin with ____

_______________ To some extent the comparison is apt, and to a degree it is
helpful in understanding what an actor does when he is creating and
performing a role. With his kings and queens, his cowboys and Indians, or his
spacemen, the child projects himself into a make-believe world. From his
imagination—triggered by his own experience, limited though it may be—he
provides circumstances of time, place, and relationships between the
characters. He then proceeds to behave, that is, to speak and to perform
physical actions, in a manner that he believes is appropriate to these
circumstances. If the game is to prove interesting, these circumstances must
provide a reason for carrying out the actions. He has to rescue the princess
from the enchanted castle, or rid the town of dangerous bandits, or get his
spaceship into orbit without being detected by the enemy. A child with
imagination can become involved in such a game to the extent that it has for
him a degree of reality, and he may become resentful of adults who intrude
into his make-believe world.
14.The paragraph following the above most likely discusses _____.

…. (1) Every culture interprets body language, gestures, posture and carriage,
vocal noises, and degree of eye contact differently. (2) A poor traveler might
have expected that nodding his or her head up and down or giving a thumbs
up would indicate yes. (3) However, in the Middle East, nodding the head
down indicates agreement, while nodding it up is a sign of disagreement. (4)
In Japan, an up-and-down nod might just be a signal that someone is
listening. (5) Yet, saying ’thank you’ to appreciate someone signals the
same meaning. (6) The thumbs-up signal is vulgar in Iran. (7) Point with the
wrong finger or with anything less than your entire hand and you risk
offending somebody. (8) While some cultures value eye contact as a sign of
respect, averting your eyes may be the sign of respect in others. (9) In some
places, people value a certain degree of personal space in conversation, while
those from the Middle East might get right up in your face when they want to
converse. (10) Restrain the desire to pat a child on the head in Asia; there’s a
belief that such a touch would damage the child’s soul. (11) Clearly body
language expresses different things in other countries.
15.The paragraph should begin with …

…. (1) Every culture interprets body language, gestures, posture and carriage,
vocal noises, and degree of eye contact differently. (2) A poor traveler might
have expected that nodding his or her head up and down or giving a thumbs
up would indicate yes. (3) However, in the Middle East, nodding the head
down indicates agreement, while nodding it up is a sign of disagreement. (4)
In Japan, an up-and-down nod might just be a signal that someone is
listening. (5) Yet, saying ’thank you’ to appreciate someone signals the
same meaning. (6) The thumbs-up signal is vulgar in Iran. (7) Point with the
wrong finger or with anything less than your entire hand and you risk
offending somebody. (8) While some cultures value eye contact as a sign of
respect, averting your eyes may be the sign of respect in others. (9) In some
places, people value a certain degree of personal space in conversation, while
those from the Middle East might get right up in your face when they want to
converse. (10) Restrain the desire to pat a child on the head in Asia; there’s a
belief that such a touch would damage the child’s soul. (11) Clearly body
language expresses different things in other countries.
16.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

Journalism in the modern sense is one of the younger professions. The first
prototype of the modern newspaper was the series of public announcements,
known during the Roman Empire as the Acta Diurna and later in Venice as the
Gazzetta. Similar official reports were made in China, where the earliest
newspaper, the Tching-pao, or News of the Palace, began its daily appearance
in Peking in the middle of the 8th century A.D. Until the invention of printing,
however, the dissemination of news was largely dependent upon private
correspondence or word of mouth. The invention of printing from movable
type by Johann Gutenberg in Mainz about 1450 revolutionized the spreading
of news. According to one tradition, the first printed newssheet appeared at
Nuremberg in 1457. The letter of Christopher Columbus announcing in 1493
the results of his first expedition to the New World was distributed as a news
broadside, as was the announcement of the British triumph over the Spanish
Armada in July 1588. Some 800 of these occasional newssheets, all printed
before 1610, are extant in libraries. This kind of publishing became a profitable
business, and as a result the reporting of news spread rapidly throughout
Europe.
17.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

Journalism in the modern sense is one of the younger professions. The first
prototype of the modern newspaper was the series of public announcements,
known during the Roman Empire as the Acta Diurna and later in Venice as the
Gazzetta. Similar official reports were made in China, where the earliest
newspaper, the Tching-pao, or News of the Palace, began its daily appearance
in Peking in the middle of the 8th century A.D. Until the invention of printing,
however, the dissemination of news was largely dependent upon private
correspondence or word of mouth. The invention of printing from movable
type by Johann Gutenberg in Mainz about 1450 revolutionized the spreading
of news. According to one tradition, the first printed newssheet appeared at
Nuremberg in 1457. The letter of Christopher Columbus announcing in 1493
the results of his first expedition to the New World was distributed as a news
broadside, as was the announcement of the British triumph over the Spanish
Armada in July 1588. Some 800 of these occasional newssheets, all printed
before 1610, are extant in libraries. This kind of publishing became a profitable
business, and as a result the reporting of news spread rapidly throughout
Europe.
18.The following paragraph most likely discusses …

(1) The mirror test is a test to determine whether an animal can recognize its
own reflection in a mirror as an image of itself. (2) Gordon Gallup Jr.
accomplished a way to determine whether an animal can recognize its own
reflection or not by surreptitiously marking the animal with two odorless dye
spots. (3) The test spot is on a part of the animal that is visible in front of a
mirror and the other control spot is in an accessible but hidden part of the
animal’s body. (4) The test was developed based on observations made by
Charles Darwin to animal reactions to its reflection on the mirror. (5) Scientists
then observe whether the animal reacts in a manner consistent with being
aware that the test dye is located on its own body while ignoring the control
dye not visible in front of the mirror. (6) The animals which pass the mirror test
as being self-aware will exhibit behavior including turning and adjusting its
body in order to get a better view of the marking in the mirror, or poking at
the marking on its own body with a limb while observing it from the mirror.
19.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

(1) The mirror test is a test to determine whether an animal can recognize its
own reflection in a mirror as an image of itself. (2) Gordon Gallup Jr.
accomplished a way to determine whether an animal can recognize its own
reflection or not by surreptitiously marking the animal with two odorless dye
spots. (3) The test spot is on a part of the animal that is visible in front of a
mirror and the other control spot is in an accessible but hidden part of the
animal’s body. (4) The test was developed based on observations made by
Charles Darwin to animal reactions to its reflection on the mirror. (5) Scientists
then observe whether the animal reacts in a manner consistent with being
aware that the test dye is located on its own body while ignoring the control
dye not visible in front of the mirror. (6) The animals which pass the mirror test
as being self-aware will exhibit behavior including turning and adjusting its
body in order to get a better view of the marking in the mirror, or poking at
the marking on its own body with a limb while observing it from the mirror.
20.The paragraph that follows this text most likely discusses …

(1) More often than not, disagreements are based not on differences in
reasoning, but in the values, assumptions, or information brought to bear. (2)
If we believe that all politicians are crooks, we will infer that a specific
politician’s actions are scurrilous. (3) If we believe that politicians act for the
good of all, we will look for some benefit in their actions. (4) Either way, we
will try to use reason to explain the actions. (5) We will look for some coherent
explanation as away of making sense of things. (6) As we saw earlier, if we can
understand why someone would do something, why someone might say
something, why someone might act in a certain way, we feel we have made
sense of the act or statement. (7) It’s like a murder trial: if we can put
together opportunity, motive, and means, we can make a case. (8)The more
evidence we have before us, and the more carefully we reason, the more valid
our inferences. (9) Our inferences are not based on evidence. (10) This
principle is also relevant in reading a text.
21.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

(1) More often than not, disagreements are based not on differences in
reasoning, but in the values, assumptions, or information brought to bear. (2)
If we believe that all politicians are crooks, we will infer that a specific
politician’s actions are scurrilous. (3) If we believe that politicians act for the
good of all, we will look for some benefit in their actions. (4) Either way, we
will try to use reason to explain the actions. (5) We will look for some coherent
explanation as away of making sense of things. (6) As we saw earlier, if we can
understand why someone would do something, why someone might say
something, why someone might act in a certain way, we feel we have made
sense of the act or statement. (7) It’s like a murder trial: if we can put
together opportunity, motive, and means, we can make a case. (8)The more
evidence we have before us, and the more carefully we reason, the more valid
our inferences. (9) Our inferences are not based on evidence. (10) This
principle is also relevant in reading a text.
22.The following paragraph most likely discusses …

(1) Wild animals have been kept in captivity for thousands of years, often as
symbols of power or religious significance. (2) However, what is now
recognized as the modern zoo was developed in the early part of the 19th
century with London, Paris and Dublin zoos opening within a few years of
each other. (3) This coincided with the Victorian fascination with natural
history and increasing urbanization of the population of Europe, and these
19th century zoos proved to be immensely popular, with millions flocking to
see unusual animals from far off lands. (4) The majority of zoos served simply
to display animals, with the more advanced among them, also utilizing their
collections for the study of zoology. (5) By visiting zoos people make a direct
contribution through entry tickets to maintaining the threatened species in
zoos. (6) However, over time good zoos have changed their mission and focus
due to a growing realization and documentation of the decline in wildlife,
driven mostly by loss of habitat. (7) From the mid-20th century these zoos
have been finding ways to help conserve wild animals and their habitats, and
the animals now fulfill a number of roles, from education to ambassadors for
their species.
23.Which of the following sentences is irrelevant?

(1) Wild animals have been kept in captivity for thousands of years, often as
symbols of power or religious significance. (2) However, what is now
recognized as the modern zoo was developed in the early part of the 19th
century with London, Paris and Dublin zoos opening within a few years of
each other. (3) This coincided with the Victorian fascination with natural
history and increasing urbanization of the population of Europe, and these
19th century zoos proved to be immensely popular, with millions flocking to
see unusual animals from far off lands. (4) The majority of zoos served simply
to display animals, with the more advanced among them, also utilizing their
collections for the study of zoology. (5) By visiting zoos people make a direct
contribution through entry tickets to maintaining the threatened species in
zoos. (6) However, over time good zoos have changed their mission and focus
due to a growing realization and documentation of the decline in wildlife,
driven mostly by loss of habitat. (7) From the mid-20th century these zoos
have been finding ways to help conserve wild animals and their habitats, and
the animals now fulfill a number of roles, from education to ambassadors for
their species.
24.The following paragraph most likely discusses …

(1)Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional
changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of
adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing
autonomy. (2)It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence yet
having a unique course for every child. (3) It does not progress at the same
rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development.
(4)Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by
genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal
development are usually included as part of the study of child development.
(5) Child care programs present a critical opportunity for the promotion of
child development. (6) Developmental change may occur as a result of
genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of
environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an
interaction between the two. (7)It may also occur as a result of human nature
and our ability to learn from our environment.
25.Which sentence is irrelevant to the topic of the passage?

(1)Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional
changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of
adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing
autonomy. (2)It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence yet
having a unique course for every child. (3) It does not progress at the same
rate and each stage is affected by the preceding types of development.
(4)Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by
genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal
development are usually included as part of the study of child development.
(5) Child care programs present a critical opportunity for the promotion of
child development. (6) Developmental change may occur as a result of
genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of
environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an
interaction between the two. (7)It may also occur as a result of human nature
and our ability to learn from our environment.
26.The following paragraph most likely discusses …