Bahasa Inggris UM 01

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon.
In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with different brain mechanism
and different purposes.

As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is
called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls
slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state,
however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very
deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake.

Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and
increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face,
including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating
between these two vital ‘restoration jobs’: working on the brain and working on the body.
43. The two different types of sleep are characterized by
different _______.

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon.
In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with different brain mechanism
and different purposes.

As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is
called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls
slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state,
however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very
deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake.

Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and
increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face,
including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating
between these two vital ‘restoration jobs’: working on the brain and working on the body.
44. It seems that our brain gets some rest _______.

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon.
In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with different brain mechanism
and different purposes.

As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is
called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls
slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state,
however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very
deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake.

Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and
increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face,
including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating
between these two vital ‘restoration jobs’: working on the brain and working on the body.
45. The second stage of sleep is called paradoxical sleep
because _______.

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon.
In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with different brain mechanism
and different purposes.

As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is
called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls
slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state,
however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very
deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake.

Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and
increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face,
including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating
between these two vital ‘restoration jobs’: working on the brain and working on the body.
46. Orthodox sleep is characterized by all of the
following, EXCEPT _______.

In studying the phenomenon usually referred to as sleep, we are actually dealing with more than one phenomenon.
In point of fact, we spend the night alternating between two different types of sleep, each with different brain mechanism
and different purposes.

As a person falls asleep, his brain waves develop a slower and less regular pattern than in a waking state. This is
called orthodox sleep. In this state the brain is apparently resting. Its blood supply is reduced, and its temperature falls
slightly. Breathing and heart rate are regular. The muscles remain slightly tensed. After about an hour in this state,
however, the brain waves begin to show a more active pattern again, even though the person is apparently asleep very
deeply. This is called paradoxical sleep because it has much in common with being awake.

Paradoxical (active) sleep is marked by irregular breathing and heart rate, increased blood supply to the brain, and
increased brain temperature. Most of the muscles are relaxed. There are various jerky movements of the body and face,
including short burst of rapid eye movement, which indicate that we are dreaming. Thus, we spend the night alternating
between these two vital ‘restoration jobs’: working on the brain and working on the body.
47. From the text we may conclude that while we are
sleeping _______.

Text III
Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of
latitude on both sides of the equator. In that ___(48)___
narrow band of the planet, more than half of all the
species of plants and animals in the world make their
home. Several hundred different ___(49)___ of trees may
grow in a single acre, ___(50)___ just one of those trees
may be the habitat for more than ten thousand kinds of
spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of
the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and
at the current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the
next year. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of
rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish
reading this passage, two hundred acres will be
destroyed. When this happens, constant rains erode the
former forest floor and the ecology of the region is
altered forever. Thousands of spices of plants and
animals are ___(51)___ to extinction and, since we are
not able to ___(52)___ ramifications of this to a delicate
global ecology, we do not know what we may be doing
to the future of the human species as well.
48.

Text III
Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of
latitude on both sides of the equator. In that ___(48)___
narrow band of the planet, more than half of all the
species of plants and animals in the world make their
home. Several hundred different ___(49)___ of trees may
grow in a single acre, ___(50)___ just one of those trees
may be the habitat for more than ten thousand kinds of
spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of
the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and
at the current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the
next year. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of
rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish
reading this passage, two hundred acres will be
destroyed. When this happens, constant rains erode the
former forest floor and the ecology of the region is
altered forever. Thousands of spices of plants and
animals are ___(51)___ to extinction and, since we are
not able to ___(52)___ ramifications of this to a delicate
global ecology, we do not know what we may be doing
to the future of the human species as well.
49.

Text III
Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of
latitude on both sides of the equator. In that ___(48)___
narrow band of the planet, more than half of all the
species of plants and animals in the world make their
home. Several hundred different ___(49)___ of trees may
grow in a single acre, ___(50)___ just one of those trees
may be the habitat for more than ten thousand kinds of
spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of
the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and
at the current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the
next year. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of
rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish
reading this passage, two hundred acres will be
destroyed. When this happens, constant rains erode the
former forest floor and the ecology of the region is
altered forever. Thousands of spices of plants and
animals are ___(51)___ to extinction and, since we are
not able to ___(52)___ ramifications of this to a delicate
global ecology, we do not know what we may be doing
to the future of the human species as well.
50.

Text III
Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of
latitude on both sides of the equator. In that ___(48)___
narrow band of the planet, more than half of all the
species of plants and animals in the world make their
home. Several hundred different ___(49)___ of trees may
grow in a single acre, ___(50)___ just one of those trees
may be the habitat for more than ten thousand kinds of
spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of
the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and
at the current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the
next year. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of
rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish
reading this passage, two hundred acres will be
destroyed. When this happens, constant rains erode the
former forest floor and the ecology of the region is
altered forever. Thousands of spices of plants and
animals are ___(51)___ to extinction and, since we are
not able to ___(52)___ ramifications of this to a delicate
global ecology, we do not know what we may be doing
to the future of the human species as well.
51.

Text III
Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of
latitude on both sides of the equator. In that ___(48)___
narrow band of the planet, more than half of all the
species of plants and animals in the world make their
home. Several hundred different ___(49)___ of trees may
grow in a single acre, ___(50)___ just one of those trees
may be the habitat for more than ten thousand kinds of
spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of
the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and
at the current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the
next year. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of
rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish
reading this passage, two hundred acres will be
destroyed. When this happens, constant rains erode the
former forest floor and the ecology of the region is
altered forever. Thousands of spices of plants and
animals are ___(51)___ to extinction and, since we are
not able to ___(52)___ ramifications of this to a delicate
global ecology, we do not know what we may be doing
to the future of the human species as well.
52.

53. Erika _______ on her report for three days in a row
without much sleep. That’s why she looks so tired.

54. My daughter is interested in meeting famous people
and _______ articles on them.

55. ‘May I borrow your calculator, please?’
‘Sorry, I can’t find it in my bag. I _______ at home.’

56. ‘You look troubled. What’s the matter?’
‘The academic counselor _______ told me that unless
I get at least B- for applied science, I won’t be able to
graduate this year.’

57. If his father were not the president of this company,
he would not be working here because _______.

58. Encouraged by the good result of the math test,
_______.

59. _______, the training program was able to achieve its
goal.

60. Submitting his loan application form just three
weeks before the bank was liquidated, Mr. Priyanto
had to cancel his plan to buy modern machinery.
This means that _______.