Kategori: Uncategorized

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
31. With reference to the whole text, the writer
mainly deals with topic on .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
32. The writer is mainly of the opinion that tracing, ancient humans’ life using their DNA .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
33. The physical look of hominid species can even be reconstructed using the DNA technology under the condition that .…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
34. Based on the text, the following would be the kind of information that could be revealed about ancient people through modern genome analysis, except…

The first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a 2400-years-old
egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome sequence would be more far more
informative-perhaps explaining what killed King Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only
published ancient human genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max
Planck Institute for Evolutory Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the complete
genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between 38,000 and
70,000 years ago.

Neanderthals are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says Willerslev.
Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years ago, survived in East Asia until
less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis,
the predecessor to Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the genetic information is good
enough, it may tell us something about the nature of past people-possibly even what they looked
like. Ancient human genomes could give us insights into the evoluation of our species, explaining
when genes involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.

But DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller pieces. Eventually
they become small to reassemble, and all information is lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of
100.000 year so under most preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says.
Stephan Schuster at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project,
thinks ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
35. Based on the text, soon Darwin’s human evolution theory will be most likely empirically validated, if contemporary DNA analysis are supported by the following factors, except .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
36. Which of the following ideas from the text above contains an opinion?

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
37. The study aims at evaluating the impact of calorie restriction on .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
38. If the information in the text is true, the risks that someone whose calorie consumption is controlled up to the portion suggested in the study suffers from bone cancer are .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
39. The following is among other things the empirical impact of the study mentioned in the text, except .…

John Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston, Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.

Yet, that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running the multicenter CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as 50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of Winconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.

However, there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
40. As mentioned in the text, the study held at the multi center CALERIE, Tufts University in Boston has employed a research method that seems to be .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
41. Which of the following statements in the text above contains an opinion?

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
42. The part that comes before the text would most likely describe .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
43. The scientists see that the internal mechanism in a human’s brain related with enjoyment in having a good meals are .…

Furtur research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California, uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,” says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK. “Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our survival”.

Yet humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it, jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are linked with association information, learning and decision-making. The team also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed, the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted the research.

No two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed, women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel a greater sense of reward.
44. Humor is worth in these four facest, except .…

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
161. The word “outlay” can best be replaced by
_____

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
162. According to the passage, the high maternal
mortality rate is caused by the following, except
_____

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
163. According to the passage, private sector
services are preferred due to _____.

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
164. What is the main idea of the passage?

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
165. The word “their” refers to _____

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
166. The word “scant” is closest in meaning with
_____

Reading 1 for question 161 – 167
Today, Indonesia`s maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in Southeast Asia. Experts closely studying the problem generally conclude that a change in course is needed for Indonesia to make further progress. First there are question about whether the government has the ability-or the resources-to actually improve health. Performance and utilization of public health services is on the decline, and the private sector is now the major source of health care in Indonesia. An estimated 30-50 percent of newborn deliveries in health facilities now take place in private clinics (as compared to approximately 10 percent a decade ago). Preference for private sector services may be due, in part, understaffing of public health, facilities, and high absenteeism. The government allows ”dual practice” whereby civil servant health providers are allowed to established a private practice outside of official work hours. As a result, expert’s studies show an average of 40 percent of doctors absent from their public post during work hours.

Overall, per capita spending on health in Indonesia is much lower than other countries in the region, and insurance coverage is extremely limited. Health financing is overwhelmingly private-with individuals paying for around 80 percent of all health outlay. Mostly out-of-pocket. Disturbingly, the poor utilize less of publicly-funded health services provided by the state: the poorest 20 percent of the population captures almost 40 percent. Policy analysts also point to cause by scant distributions in health funding among provinces and major inefficiencies in how funds are spent.
167. It can be inferred from the passage that the
best solution for the government in dealing with
“dual practice” problem is _____.

Reading 2 for question 168 – 173
Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Or TNI) have the total of approximately 350.000 members, including the army, the navy, marines, and air force. The army is the largest branch with about 280.000 about active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget accounts for 1,8% of GDP, but is supplemented by _____ (168) from many military businesses and foundations. The Indonesian National Police were the branch of the armed forces for many years. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process that _____ (169) in July 2000. With 250.000 personnel, the police represent a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. Indonesia has peaceful relations with its neighbors. Without a _____ (170) external threat in the region, the military _____ (171) viewed its prime mission as assuring internal security. Military leaders have said that they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force, providing domestic support to civilian security forces as necessary. Throughout Indonesian history, the military maintained a prominent role in the nation`s political and social affairs. A significant number of cabinet members have had military backgrounds, _____ (172) active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions. With the inauguration of the _____ (173) national parliament in October 2004, the military no longer has a formal political role, although it retains important political influence.
168.

Reading 2 for question 168 – 173
Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Or TNI) have the total of approximately 350.000 members, including the army, the navy, marines, and air force. The army is the largest branch with about 280.000 about active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget accounts for 1,8% of GDP, but is supplemented by _____ (168) from many military businesses and foundations. The Indonesian National Police were the branch of the armed forces for many years. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process that _____ (169) in July 2000. With 250.000 personnel, the police represent a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. Indonesia has peaceful relations with its neighbors. Without a _____ (170) external threat in the region, the military _____ (171) viewed its prime mission as assuring internal security. Military leaders have said that they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force, providing domestic support to civilian security forces as necessary. Throughout Indonesian history, the military maintained a prominent role in the nation`s political and social affairs. A significant number of cabinet members have had military backgrounds, _____ (172) active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions. With the inauguration of the _____ (173) national parliament in October 2004, the military no longer has a formal political role, although it retains important political influence.
169.

Reading 2 for question 168 – 173
Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Or TNI) have the total of approximately 350.000 members, including the army, the navy, marines, and air force. The army is the largest branch with about 280.000 about active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget accounts for 1,8% of GDP, but is supplemented by _____ (168) from many military businesses and foundations. The Indonesian National Police were the branch of the armed forces for many years. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process that _____ (169) in July 2000. With 250.000 personnel, the police represent a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. Indonesia has peaceful relations with its neighbors. Without a _____ (170) external threat in the region, the military _____ (171) viewed its prime mission as assuring internal security. Military leaders have said that they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force, providing domestic support to civilian security forces as necessary. Throughout Indonesian history, the military maintained a prominent role in the nation`s political and social affairs. A significant number of cabinet members have had military backgrounds, _____ (172) active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions. With the inauguration of the _____ (173) national parliament in October 2004, the military no longer has a formal political role, although it retains important political influence.
170.

Reading 2 for question 168 – 173
Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Or TNI) have the total of approximately 350.000 members, including the army, the navy, marines, and air force. The army is the largest branch with about 280.000 about active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget accounts for 1,8% of GDP, but is supplemented by _____ (168) from many military businesses and foundations. The Indonesian National Police were the branch of the armed forces for many years. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process that _____ (169) in July 2000. With 250.000 personnel, the police represent a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. Indonesia has peaceful relations with its neighbors. Without a _____ (170) external threat in the region, the military _____ (171) viewed its prime mission as assuring internal security. Military leaders have said that they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force, providing domestic support to civilian security forces as necessary. Throughout Indonesian history, the military maintained a prominent role in the nation`s political and social affairs. A significant number of cabinet members have had military backgrounds, _____ (172) active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions. With the inauguration of the _____ (173) national parliament in October 2004, the military no longer has a formal political role, although it retains important political influence.
171.

Reading 2 for question 168 – 173
Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Or TNI) have the total of approximately 350.000 members, including the army, the navy, marines, and air force. The army is the largest branch with about 280.000 about active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget accounts for 1,8% of GDP, but is supplemented by _____ (168) from many military businesses and foundations. The Indonesian National Police were the branch of the armed forces for many years. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process that _____ (169) in July 2000. With 250.000 personnel, the police represent a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. Indonesia has peaceful relations with its neighbors. Without a _____ (170) external threat in the region, the military _____ (171) viewed its prime mission as assuring internal security. Military leaders have said that they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force, providing domestic support to civilian security forces as necessary. Throughout Indonesian history, the military maintained a prominent role in the nation`s political and social affairs. A significant number of cabinet members have had military backgrounds, _____ (172) active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions. With the inauguration of the _____ (173) national parliament in October 2004, the military no longer has a formal political role, although it retains important political influence.
172.

Reading 2 for question 168 – 173
Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Or TNI) have the total of approximately 350.000 members, including the army, the navy, marines, and air force. The army is the largest branch with about 280.000 about active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget accounts for 1,8% of GDP, but is supplemented by _____ (168) from many military businesses and foundations. The Indonesian National Police were the branch of the armed forces for many years. The police were formally separated from the military in April 1999, a process that _____ (169) in July 2000. With 250.000 personnel, the police represent a much smaller portion of the population than in most nations. Indonesia has peaceful relations with its neighbors. Without a _____ (170) external threat in the region, the military _____ (171) viewed its prime mission as assuring internal security. Military leaders have said that they wish to transform the military to a professional, external security force, providing domestic support to civilian security forces as necessary. Throughout Indonesian history, the military maintained a prominent role in the nation`s political and social affairs. A significant number of cabinet members have had military backgrounds, _____ (172) active duty and retired military personnel occupied a large number of seats in the parliament. Commanders of the various territorial commands played influential roles in the affairs of their respective regions. With the inauguration of the _____ (173) national parliament in October 2004, the military no longer has a formal political role, although it retains important political influence.
173.

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
174. The idiom “raise the bar” has the same
meaning with _____.

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
175. The word “this“ refers to _____.

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
176. KPK is regarded as one of the most effective
justice sector institutions in Indonesia mainly
because _____.

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
177. The word “bold“ can easily be replaced by
_____.

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
178. The paragraph following the passage likely
discusses about _____.

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
179. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

Reading 3 for question 174 – 180
One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges whose reputation from honesty is well known. However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on the Courts, but allowed the anti-corruption courts to continue to function in the meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law. This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the KPK and convicted in the anti-corruption court, leading some to question if the parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.
180. According to the passage, what is NOT the
element needed to create a clean government?

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
161. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to …

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
162. The following conditions are the indications
of prostate enlargement, EXCEPT …

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
163. The world snugly in line be 11 could best be
replaced by which of the following?

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
164. What is the main idea of the first
paragraph?

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
165. Why has the prostate slowly enlarge as
men age?

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
166. According to the passage when did men
require surgery?

Reading 1 for question 161-167
The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) just simply means an enlarge prostate. It is generally believed to affect most men over the age of 45 (with various levels of severity). Overall, the number of men with BPH increases progressively with age. By age 60, 50 percent of men will have some signs of BPH. By age 85, 90 percent of men will have signs of the condition. About one-third of these men will develope symptoms that require treatment. Prostate enlargement, or BPH, is not a malignant condition,but it does put pressure on the urethra and can cause a number of urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urinary urgency, the need to get up at night to urinate, difficulty starting urination, a reduction in the force of the urine stream, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even the inabiity to urinate at all.

The prostate, a small gland that produces fluid for semen, is in an ideal position to cause trouble. The gland wraps snugly around the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It’s a tight squeeze-and it only gets tighter as men grow older. As symptoms progress, a man may also be at higher risk of bladder stones and bladder infection. The kidneys may be damaged from back pressure caused by the retention of large amounts of urine in the bladder. There may be sudden blockage of the urinary tube, making urination impossible, and not infrequently, blood may be detected in the urine. The exact mechanism for the enlargement of the prostate gland remains unclear; however, there are certain factors that are obviously involved. As men age, the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone(DHT) starts to build up in the prostate, which causes the prostate to slowly enlarge.The Vahlensieck, AUSI and I-PSS rating systems are used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with BPH. All these methods are based on a limited number of questions associated with a numbered score: the total score is an evaluative index of BPH-associated severity, which can be from “mild” to “moderate” or “severe”. Severe symptoms that are associated with a very large prostate may require surgery.
167. What can be inferred about the proatate?

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
168. The word their in paragraph 3 refers to …

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
169. The narwhal is described as all of the
following EXCEPT …

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
170. The word segregate in paragraph 2 is
closest in meaning to

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
171. What made the narwhal’s tusk valuable?

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
172. How can the male narwhal be distinguished
from the female narwhal?

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
173. it can be inferred from the passage that
narwhal’s populations are influenced by …

Reading 2 for questions 168-174
Narwhal, robust-bodied, toothed whale, occuring only in deep waters of the high arctic, almost always close to floating ice. It is closely related to the beluga whale. Narwhals are mottled black and white, with more dark mottling on the back than on the belly. Females grow to 4.2 m(14ft) in length, and males to 4.7m(15ft). Narwhals have only two teeth, both in the upper jaw. The left tooth of the adult male continues to grow, spiraling forward from the head, until the tusk is up to 3m(up to 10ft) long. Including this tusk, the overall body length of an older male may be nearly 8m(nearly 26ft).

Narwhals often occur in small pods of 2 to about 12 animals, which are parts of larger herds. They migrate seasonally as the ice edge moves, and they can be found in remarkably thick ice. Fish, squid, and shrimp make up their diet. The members of a herd may segregate themselves according to age and sex, especially during migration. In such cases, subadult male or adult male groups can be easily distinguished by the size of their tusk.

The social systems of narwhals is not known, although researches believe that males may display or fight one another for access to females. Males have been observed to use their tusks for sparring with other males at or above the surface of the water, and males may occasionally be seen with their tusks partially broken off or with tusks embedded in their bodies. Actual spearing of one male by another, however, is probably less common. A mature female may give birth once every three years. Gestation lasts about 15months, and a single calf is born in the summer.

Narwhals are hunted by Inuits and some northen Europeans for their skin, meat, blubber, and especially for their tusks. The tusk is used as an ornament, both whole and carved, and is sometimes ground into a powder for reputed medicinal purposes. Although the existence of the species does not appear to be threatened, local overhunting of individual narwhals and their food supply may be limitting populations.
174. what is the main idea of the first
paragraph?

Reading 3 for question 175-180
Police in New Jersey believe they have solved one of the longest running murder cases in the state’s history: the disappearance of five Newark teenagers in 1978. After tracking leads for 32 years, two men were arrested March 22 and charged with harding the teens at gunpoint into an abandoned row house, tying them up and torching the building, setting a blaze so fierce police say the bodies were incinerated, destroying any evidence. Now prosecutors have a difficult task: prove the teens were murdered when their bodies were never found.

Murders without bodies were long considered one of the most complex challenges in the legal profession, but advances in technology have made the once-unthinkable prospect more common. The absence of the key piece of evidence-the corpse-poses unique problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys, according to Thomas “Tad” DiBiase, a Washington-based lawyer who runs a website chronicling “no body” murders. He said the majority of such cases end in convictions or guilty pleas. “The body can tell you how the murder occured,” he said. “It can be tell you when the murder occured, it can tell you where the murder occured, so by taking away the body you take away all those elements from a case-that makes it enormously difficult.” The new jersey case was initially treated as a missing person’s case and no connection was made between the fire and the teens disappearance. In the decades since, any clues have been all but obliterated. The site of the fire is now a housing complex and additional case files were reportedly lost in a courthouse flood.
175. The word their in paragraph 1 refers to …

Reading 3 for question 175-180
Police in New Jersey believe they have solved one of the longest running murder cases in the state’s history: the disappearance of five Newark teenagers in 1978. After tracking leads for 32 years, two men were arrested March 22 and charged with harding the teens at gunpoint into an abandoned row house, tying them up and torching the building, setting a blaze so fierce police say the bodies were incinerated, destroying any evidence. Now prosecutors have a difficult task: prove the teens were murdered when their bodies were never found.

Murders without bodies were long considered one of the most complex challenges in the legal profession, but advances in technology have made the once-unthinkable prospect more common. The absence of the key piece of evidence-the corpse-poses unique problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys, according to Thomas “Tad” DiBiase, a Washington-based lawyer who runs a website chronicling “no body” murders. He said the majority of such cases end in convictions or guilty pleas. “The body can tell you how the murder occured,” he said. “It can be tell you when the murder occured, it can tell you where the murder occured, so by taking away the body you take away all those elements from a case-that makes it enormously difficult.” The new jersey case was initially treated as a missing person’s case and no connection was made between the fire and the teens disappearance. In the decades since, any clues have been all but obliterated. The site of the fire is now a housing complex and additional case files were reportedly lost in a courthouse flood.
176. In paragraph 3, the world Obliterated is
closest in meaning to …

Reading 3 for question 175-180
Police in New Jersey believe they have solved one of the longest running murder cases in the state’s history: the disappearance of five Newark teenagers in 1978. After tracking leads for 32 years, two men were arrested March 22 and charged with harding the teens at gunpoint into an abandoned row house, tying them up and torching the building, setting a blaze so fierce police say the bodies were incinerated, destroying any evidence. Now prosecutors have a difficult task: prove the teens were murdered when their bodies were never found.

Murders without bodies were long considered one of the most complex challenges in the legal profession, but advances in technology have made the once-unthinkable prospect more common. The absence of the key piece of evidence-the corpse-poses unique problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys, according to Thomas “Tad” DiBiase, a Washington-based lawyer who runs a website chronicling “no body” murders. He said the majority of such cases end in convictions or guilty pleas. “The body can tell you how the murder occured,” he said. “It can be tell you when the murder occured, it can tell you where the murder occured, so by taking away the body you take away all those elements from a case-that makes it enormously difficult.” The new jersey case was initially treated as a missing person’s case and no connection was made between the fire and the teens disappearance. In the decades since, any clues have been all but obliterated. The site of the fire is now a housing complex and additional case files were reportedly lost in a courthouse flood.
177. what can be inferred from the passage
about the New Jersey case?

Reading 3 for question 175-180
Police in New Jersey believe they have solved one of the longest running murder cases in the state’s history: the disappearance of five Newark teenagers in 1978. After tracking leads for 32 years, two men were arrested March 22 and charged with harding the teens at gunpoint into an abandoned row house, tying them up and torching the building, setting a blaze so fierce police say the bodies were incinerated, destroying any evidence. Now prosecutors have a difficult task: prove the teens were murdered when their bodies were never found.

Murders without bodies were long considered one of the most complex challenges in the legal profession, but advances in technology have made the once-unthinkable prospect more common. The absence of the key piece of evidence-the corpse-poses unique problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys, according to Thomas “Tad” DiBiase, a Washington-based lawyer who runs a website chronicling “no body” murders. He said the majority of such cases end in convictions or guilty pleas. “The body can tell you how the murder occured,” he said. “It can be tell you when the murder occured, it can tell you where the murder occured, so by taking away the body you take away all those elements from a case-that makes it enormously difficult.” The new jersey case was initially treated as a missing person’s case and no connection was made between the fire and the teens disappearance. In the decades since, any clues have been all but obliterated. The site of the fire is now a housing complex and additional case files were reportedly lost in a courthouse flood.
178. What is the main idea of the passage?

Reading 3 for question 175-180
Police in New Jersey believe they have solved one of the longest running murder cases in the state’s history: the disappearance of five Newark teenagers in 1978. After tracking leads for 32 years, two men were arrested March 22 and charged with harding the teens at gunpoint into an abandoned row house, tying them up and torching the building, setting a blaze so fierce police say the bodies were incinerated, destroying any evidence. Now prosecutors have a difficult task: prove the teens were murdered when their bodies were never found.

Murders without bodies were long considered one of the most complex challenges in the legal profession, but advances in technology have made the once-unthinkable prospect more common. The absence of the key piece of evidence-the corpse-poses unique problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys, according to Thomas “Tad” DiBiase, a Washington-based lawyer who runs a website chronicling “no body” murders. He said the majority of such cases end in convictions or guilty pleas. “The body can tell you how the murder occured,” he said. “It can be tell you when the murder occured, it can tell you where the murder occured, so by taking away the body you take away all those elements from a case-that makes it enormously difficult.” The new jersey case was initially treated as a missing person’s case and no connection was made between the fire and the teens disappearance. In the decades since, any clues have been all but obliterated. The site of the fire is now a housing complex and additional case files were reportedly lost in a courthouse flood.
179. When was the murder of five Newark
teenagers solved?

Reading 3 for question 175-180
Police in New Jersey believe they have solved one of the longest running murder cases in the state’s history: the disappearance of five Newark teenagers in 1978. After tracking leads for 32 years, two men were arrested March 22 and charged with harding the teens at gunpoint into an abandoned row house, tying them up and torching the building, setting a blaze so fierce police say the bodies were incinerated, destroying any evidence. Now prosecutors have a difficult task: prove the teens were murdered when their bodies were never found.

Murders without bodies were long considered one of the most complex challenges in the legal profession, but advances in technology have made the once-unthinkable prospect more common. The absence of the key piece of evidence-the corpse-poses unique problems for both prosecutors and defense attorneys, according to Thomas “Tad” DiBiase, a Washington-based lawyer who runs a website chronicling “no body” murders. He said the majority of such cases end in convictions or guilty pleas. “The body can tell you how the murder occured,” he said. “It can be tell you when the murder occured, it can tell you where the murder occured, so by taking away the body you take away all those elements from a case-that makes it enormously difficult.” The new jersey case was initially treated as a missing person’s case and no connection was made between the fire and the teens disappearance. In the decades since, any clues have been all but obliterated. The site of the fire is now a housing complex and additional case files were reportedly lost in a courthouse flood.
180. The author mentions all of the following
about the New Jersey cases EXCEPT …

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
161. The pronou n which in line 4 refers to …

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
162. The word meticulous in line 19 is closest in
meaning to …

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
163. What appreciation did Florence Nightingale get
for all her effort in nursing?

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
164. Why did the role of nurse have poor reputation
at that time?

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
165. What is the subject of the passage?

READING COMPREHENSION Reading 1 for questions 161 -166 Read the passage carefully and select the one correct answer from the four choices (A, B, C, or D)!
Florence Nightingale was the pioneer of modern nursing. Born into a wealthy and well-connected British family in Florence, Italy, she was named after the city of her birth, as was her older sister born at Parthenope. A brilliant and strong-willed woman, she rebelled against the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become an obedient wife. Inspired by what she understood to be a divine calling, Nightingale made a commitment to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women.

Traditionally, the role of nurse was handled by female “hanger—ons”· who followed the armies –they were equally like to function as cooks or prostitutes. Nightingale was particularly concerned with the appalling conditions of medical care for the legions of the poor and indigent. She announced her decision to her family in 1845, evoking intense anger and distress from her family, particularly her mother.

Florence Nightingale’s career in nursing began in earnest in 1851 when she received four-month training in Germany as a deaconess of Kaiserwerth. She undertook the training over strenuous family objections concerning the risks and social implications of such activity, and the Catholic foundations of the hospital. While at Kaiserwerth, Florence reported having her most important intense and compelling experience of her divine calling.

Nightingale’s work inspired massive public support throughout England, where she was celebrated and admired as “The Lady of The Lamp” after the Grecian lamp she always carried in her tireless evening and nighttime visits to injured soldiers. Nightingale’s lamp also allowed her to work late every night, maintaining meticulous medical records for the hospital, and writing personal letters to the family of every 20 soldier who died in the hospital.

ln 1883, Queen Victoria awarded Florence Nightingale with the Royal Red Cross and in 1907 she became the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit. She couldn’t leave her bed after 1896 and died on August 13, 1910.
166. Which of the following is INCORRECT about
Florence Nightingale?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
167. What can be compared between Ether and
Nitrous Oxide?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
168. Which of the following is INCORRECT about
nitrous oxide?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
169. What is the main idea of the passage above?

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
170. lt can be inferred from the passage that the
example of minor surgery is …

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
171. The pronoun his in line 18 refers to …

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
172. The phrase put up with in line 7 has the closest
meaning with …

Reading 2 for questions 167 -173
Before the mid 1800‘s, a person undergoing surgery was in for a terrifying time. ln those preanaesthetic days, there was nothing to dull the pain but whiskey. In fact, it was quite common for the doctor to partake of the heavy liquor himself–to help himself endure the screams of the patient. Marijuana, opium, hashish, and also acupuncture have been used in China and India for many centuries as a pain reliever. In the West, alcohol was the most common pain desensitizer. To reduce the pain, surgeons would work as fast as they could, but the pain of the operations were still excruciating. Consequently, many people preferred to put up with their illnesses rather than going under the surgeon’s knife.

Experiments throughout the Middle Ages led to the discovery of two possible aids for the suffering patient. ln 1275 a volatile, flammable liquid known as sweet vitriol was seen to put chickens to sleep and dull their sensitivity to pain. This was to become known as ether. One day an American physician by the name of Crawford W. Long noted that people under the influence of ether felt no pain. He immediately realised the potential to relieve the pain of surgery. The first operation using ether as an anaesthetic took place on March 30th, 1842.

ln 1772 English scientist Joseph Priestly discovered a gas called Nitrous Oxide. For twenty years it was thought that this gas would be lethal to humans. In 1799, British Chemist Humphry David decided to test the effects of the gas on himself. Rather than killing him, the gas made him laugh. Forty Five years later, a United States dentist named Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide. He noticed that a man who was under the influence of the gas had dashed his leg on a table but felt no pain. That prompted Wells to try out the gas as an anaesthetic in his dental practice.

The use of nitrous oxide and ether as an anaesthetic became extremely popular across America and Europe. Advancements were made that allowed a patient to remain awake while a specific part of their body was made anaesthetic. Today local anaesthetics are commonly used by dentists and physicians while engaging in minor surgery.
173. According to the passage, what was the people
outside Asia used to reduce the pain?

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
174. The word designated in line 7 has the same
meaning with …

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
175. According to the passage, what is correct about
red supergiants?

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
176. The term ‘blue supergiants’ is used for the
superstars which …

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
177. The word luminosity in line 5 is closest in
meaning to ….

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
178. Which of the following is NOT regarded as red
supergiants?

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
179. The word it in line 9 refers to …

Reading 3 for questions 174 -180
Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radius, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1,000 solar radii. The Stefan-Boltzmann law dictates that the relatively cool surfaces of red supergiants radiate much less energy per unit area than those of blue supergiants; thus, for a given luminosity red supergiants are larger than their blue counterparts.

The most massive superstars in the Galaxy have surface temperatures of between 20,000 -50,000°C and appear blue in colour. They are designated ‘blue supergiants’ due to their appearance and the enormous amounts of energy that they can radiate. The best known example is Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation of Orion. It has a mass of around 20 times that of the Sun and gives out more light than 60,000 suns added together.

Whereas, red supergiants are supergiant stars which are the largest stars in the universe in terms of physical size. These stars have very cool surface temperatures (3,227-4,227 degree Celcius), and enormous radii. The four largest known red supergiants in the Galaxy are Mu Cephei, KW Sagitarii, V354 Cephei, and KY Cygni, which all have radii about 1500 times that of the sun (about 7 times as far as the Earth is from the sun). The radius of most red giants is between 200 and 800 times that of the sun, which is still enough to reach from the sun to Earth and beyond.
180. Paragraph 1 in the passage discusses about …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
1. Istilah PRAKARYA pada bacaan diatas sama artinya dengan …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
2. Pernyataan yang termasuk fakta dalam bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
3. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
4. Pertanyaan di bawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
5. Manakah yang bukan merupakan fakta dalam bacaan diatas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
6. Topik yang tepat untuk bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
7. Hal positif apa yang dapat diambil dari kejadian pada bacaan di atas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
8. Salah satu kemungkinan yang menyebabkan Korea Utara melakukan peretasan terhadap
Sony adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
9. Kata BESUTAN pada paragraph ke-empat bacaan di atas sama artinya dengan …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
10. Yang yang bukan merupakan fakta dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
1. Istilah PRAKARYA pada bacaan diatas sama artinya dengan …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
2. Pernyataan yang termasuk fakta dalam bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
3. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
4. Pertanyaan di bawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
5. Manakah yang bukan merupakan fakta dalam bacaan diatas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
6. Topik yang tepat untuk bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
7. Hal positif apa yang dapat diambil dari kejadian pada bacaan di atas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
8. Salah satu kemungkinan yang menyebabkan Korea Utara melakukan peretasan terhadap
Sony adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
9. Kata BESUTAN pada paragraph ke-empat bacaan di atas sama artinya dengan …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
10. Yang yang bukan merupakan fakta dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
1. Istilah PRAKARYA pada bacaan diatas sama artinya dengan …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
2. Pernyataan yang termasuk fakta dalam bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
3. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
4. Pertanyaan di bawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
5. Manakah yang bukan merupakan fakta dalam bacaan diatas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
6. Topik yang tepat untuk bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
7. Hal positif apa yang dapat diambil dari kejadian pada bacaan di atas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
8. Salah satu kemungkinan yang menyebabkan Korea Utara melakukan peretasan terhadap
Sony adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
9. Kata BESUTAN pada paragraph ke-empat bacaan di atas sama artinya dengan …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
10. Yang yang bukan merupakan fakta dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
1. Istilah PRAKARYA pada bacaan diatas sama artinya dengan …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
2. Pernyataan yang termasuk fakta dalam bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
3. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
4. Pertanyaan di bawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
5. Manakah yang bukan merupakan fakta dalam bacaan diatas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
6. Topik yang tepat untuk bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
7. Hal positif apa yang dapat diambil dari kejadian pada bacaan di atas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
8. Salah satu kemungkinan yang menyebabkan Korea Utara melakukan peretasan terhadap
Sony adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
9. Kata BESUTAN pada paragraph ke-empat bacaan di atas sama artinya dengan …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
10. Yang yang bukan merupakan fakta dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
1. Istilah PRAKARYA pada bacaan diatas sama artinya dengan …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
2. Pernyataan yang termasuk fakta dalam bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
3. Hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
4. Pertanyaan di bawah ini yang tidak sesuai dengan bacaan di atas adalah …

Sekolah waldorf memang menarik perhatian karena ketika yang lain berlomba– lomba memasukkan perangkat digital ke ruang kelas mereka. Woldorf justru menampiknya. Padahal salah satu lokasi Sekolah Waldrof yang mendidik anak– anak usia dini sampai kelas lima ada di Los Altos California yang notabene adalah lembah Silikon di AS. Murid– murid sekolah ini pun bukan sembarangan. Beberapa dari mereka adalah anak– anak petinggi yang bekerja di perusahaan gawai atau portal internet. Seperti Goole, Apple, E-Bay, yahoo!, dan Hewlett-packard.

“Saya secara mendasar menolak gagasan bahwa kita membutuhkan bantuan teknologi digital di sekolah dasar.” Kata Alan Eagle, Executive Communication Google. Atas pertimbangan itu Eagle menyekolahkan putrinya di Waldorf School yang berlandasan pada filosopi pendidikan “Memanusiakan manusia”.

Kelas-kelas di sekolah Waldorf didesain seperti kelas klasik untuk menyesuaikan dengan kesan tanpa sentuhan digital, dengan dinding terbuat dari kayu. Untuk berinteraksi antara guru dan murid disediakan papan tulis dan kapurnya. Buku-buku elektronik jelas tidak ada, sebagai gantinya adalah buku ensiklopedia. Murid– murid pun mencatat di buku tulis biasa menggunakan pensil.

Para murid secara rutin belajar dan bermain di tanah lapang atau lahan bercocok tanam milik sekolah sambil berbecek– becek dan bermain kapur. Aktivitas yang bisa jadi hanya dilakukan di sekolah– sekolah biasa sekali setahun ketika melakukan karyawisata atau diajak keluarga.

Bahkan pelajaran prakarya masih diajarkan di sekolah ini, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Andie, Putri Eagle tadi. Ia terlihat asyik membuat kaos kaki. Merajut menurut salah seorang guru di waldorf seperti dikutip dari The New York Times, mampu membantu anak-anak belajar memahami pola dan matematika menggunakan jarum dan benang dapat mengasah kemampuan murid-murid memecahkan masalah dan belajar koordinasi.

Anak-anak pada dasarnya memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, selalu memandang dengan kacamata optimistis, ulet kreatif, penuh cinta kasih, berdaya cipta, dan mudah beradaptasi. Para pendidik di Waldorf sadar bahwa peran sekolah adalah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan kualitas-kualitas tersebut sehingga anak-anak itu dapat tumbuh sesuai dengan kapasitasnya pada masa depan.

Pendidikan modern disisi lain hanya berfokus pada akademik saja dan melupakan sifat-sifat penting yang membentuk tumbuh kembang anak. Misalnya saja perkembangan perasaan anak positif (emosi, estetika, dan kemampuan bersosialisasi) keinginan positif (percaya diri, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu dengan baik), dan kekuatan nilai dalam dari yang dapat melihat benar dan salah. (Majalah intisari Edisi Maret 2015, sesuai keperluannya)
5. Manakah yang bukan merupakan fakta dalam bacaan diatas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
6. Topik yang tepat untuk bacaan di atas adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
7. Hal positif apa yang dapat diambil dari kejadian pada bacaan di atas?

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
8. Salah satu kemungkinan yang menyebabkan Korea Utara melakukan peretasan terhadap
Sony adalah …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
9. Kata BESUTAN pada paragraph ke-empat bacaan di atas sama artinya dengan …

BACAAN 2 berikut ini untuk soal no 31– 35
Cerita tentang peretasan terhadap server Sony Pictures terus berlanjut. Kini, kelompok peretas yang menamakan Guardians of peace (GOP) itu mempublikasi daftar ribuan password yang memiliki oleh Sony. Tak sulit bagi kelompok peretas tersebut dalam menemukan daftar password di server Sony Pictures, karena Sony sendiri menyimpan menyimpan dokumen yang seharusnya bersifat pribadi dan rahasia itu di satu folder yang sama. Lebih paras lagi, Sony memberi nama IfolderI tersebut “password”.

Seperti yang dikutip dari KompasTekno dari buzzfeed, daftar password yang dipublikasikan kelompok hacker tersebut antara lain berisi password log-in seluruh karyawan Sony, password web layanan finansial, termasuk di dalamnya adalah password akun-akun Facebook, twitter, dan Youtube milik studio-studio film besar di Hollywood. Daftar tersebut dimuat dalam 139 dokumen word, spreedsheet Excel, file Zip, dan PDF. Kebanyakan dari file-file tersebut juga hanya diberi nama yang sederhana, seperti “password list.xls” atau “Youtube login passwods.xlsx.

Menurut Buzzfeed, kompilasi file-file tersebut kini beredar di jagat maya melalui situs file Sharing. Jika Sony tidak melakukan tindakan pencegahan, peretas-peretas lain yang mendapat informasi rahasia itu bisa saja memanfaatkan untuk hal yang jahat, seperti penipuan. Data yang dirilis oleh kelompok peretas GOP tersebut disinyalir baru sebagian saja yang dibocorkan ke publik. Diperkirakan, GOP saat ini memegang data penting Sony Pictures yang jika ditotal besarannya mencapai 100 terabyte. Kejadian ini tentu saja menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua untuk menyimpan informasi login dari password di tempat yang aman, dan dengan nama yang tidak mudah ditebak. Jika perlu, kita bisa menambahkan enkripsi atau password untuk membuka dokumen tersebut.

Serangan terhadap server Sony Pictures itu sebelumnya disebut dilakukan oleh Korea Utara yang menggunakan peretas Tiongkok untuk membobol sistem komputer millik Sony. Beberapa ahli juga melihat kesamaan pola antara peretas di Sony Pictures dan serangan cyber yang dilakukan oleh Korea Utara terhadap bank-bank dan jaringan TV di korea Selatan pada 2013. Motif serangan disinyalir berkaitan dengan film The Interview yang bakalan segera dirilis oleh Sony Pictures. Film komedi besutan Seth Rogen ini mengisahkan tentang usaha badan Intelijen AS, CIA, untuk membunuh pemimpin besar Korea Utara, Kim Jong Un. Namun pihak Korea Utara baru baru-baru ini membantah keterlibatan mereka dalam insiden peretasan studio film besar Hollywood itu. Sumber: www.kompas.com
10. Yang yang bukan merupakan fakta dari bacaan di atas adalah …

1. All living creatures in this universe need air
and water to sustain their life, and ….

2. My … sister works as a nurse while my
younger brother is a lawyer in our city.

3. Most farmers in Indonesia, especially in the
rural area, have some … to help their works.

4. Keep the confidential papers in the
locker, ….

5. … write a novel because she had no ideas to
make a novel.

6. You had better … this course since this is
the best course in this university.

7. Mandy goes … because her last class was
canceled without any confirmation before.

8. The Canadian, …, is a train trip from Toronto
to Vancouver with best scenery of forests
and rivers.

9. I would rather … a movie alone than work
with you.

10. The political candidate talked as if he …
elected to become the next president.

11. I met many smart students here, the
smartest … is my new neighbor, Mira.

12. The government of China let the
Greenpeace … their researcher about the
air pollution in the country.

3. Rony Kumbirowo, a pencak silat master
from Indonesia has lined up in a number
of … produced in Hollywood.

14. The man … she invited was the son of the
governor.

15. If the team members had exercised more
seriously, they … the game successfully.

16. Star Wars sales surge … opening weekend
record in America.

37. In Indonesia’s West Papua province …
which is considered the global epicenter of
tropical marine bio-diversity.

18. … the fact that dolphins are mammals,
most people think that they are fish.

19. In the Mahalangur mountain range in Nepal
and Tibet … which its peak is 8,848 meter
above sea level.

20. Five years after the Arab Spring, analysts
say the conditions are in place for …
uprising in Egypt.