Penulis: Suslov Ganteng

26. Peta dengan skala 1 : 50.000 diperkecil 2 kali. Pada hasil perkecilannya mempunyai skala…

25. Pada peta tercantum skala grafis 0 sampai 5 km dengan potongan hitam-putih masing-masing 1 cm kalau skala ini ditulis dengan skala angka (numerical scale) perbandingannya adalah…

24. Kegunaan inset pada peta adalah menunjukan…

23. Ekspor kabupaten Tegal berjumlah Rp 2.000.000; sedangkan ekspor kabupaten Cirebon adalah Rp 5.000.000; Bila jari-jari simbol lingkaran untuk kabupaten Tegal ditetapkan 7 cm. maka jari-jari simbol lingkaran kabupaten Cirebon adalah…

22. Untuk memetakan besarnya transmigran dari daerah asal ke daerah tujuan paling tepat menggunakan simbol berbentuk…

21. Penyajian data persebaran penduduk dalam suatu peta tematik sebaiknya menggunakan simbol berbentuk…

20. Penggunaan simbol batang pada peta sebaiknya…

19. Simbol yang terbaik pada peta untuk memperlihatkan persebaran adalah…
(1) Garis
(2) Bola
(3) Batang
(4) Titik

18. Bagian-bagian peta berikut ini yang merupakan penjelasan dari data atau informasi yang disajikan disebut…

17. Dasar untuk menentukan waktu adalah meridian pangkal. Waktu Indonesia bagian barat berdasar meridian pangkal…

16. Lintang dan bujur di dalam peta antara lain dimaksudkan untuk menunjukan…

15. Peta yang dikelompokan berdasarkan nilai data yang dikandungnya adalah peta…

14. Suatu peta yang hanya berisi garis pantai, sungai, dan jalan saja, disebut peta topografi.
SEBAB
Peta Topografi merupakan contoh peta tematik.

13. Dot map (peta titik) adalah peta sederhana.
SEBAB
Menempatkan simbol harus sesuai dengan kenyataan sebenarnya.

12. Peta penyebaran penduduk memperlihatkan…

11. Kartografer dalam menyajikan informasi mengenai konfigurasi bentuk lahan, lazim dibuatnya…
(1) Peta tematik
(2) Peta bentangan muka bumi
(3) Peta data kualitatif
(4) Peta topografi

10. Peta tematik berisi informasi tentang pengelompokan rata-rata jumlah hujan tahunan disebut peta…

9. Beberapa jenis peta di bawah ini termasuk peta tematik, Kecuali peta…

8. Peta umum merupakan peta yang menggambarkan secara umum daerah yang dipetakan, kebalikan dari peta umum yaitu peta tematik. Di bawah ini termasuk peta tematik…
(1) Peta tata guna tanah
(2) Peta Kawasan Eropa barat
(3) Peta persebaran penduduk
(4) Peta topografi

7. Dilihat dari jenisnya peta terbagi atas peta umum dan peta tematik. Adapun kegunaan peta tematik adalah mempermudah…

6. Yang disebut peta tematik adalah…
(1) Peta Pariwisata
(2) Peta Topografi
(3) Peta Jaringan Jalan
(4) Atlas

5. Peta kadaster biasanya digambarkan dengan skala…

4. Peta sering kali dijadikan sebagai contoh dari model…

3. Orang yang sangat berjasa dalam pembuatan peta untuk geografi adalah…

2. Gambaran permukaan bumi pada bidang datar yang dilengkapi dengan tulisan-tulisan dan simbol, merupakan pengertian atlas.
SEBAB
Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tentang perpetaan disebut kartografi.

1. Smartphones have become an essential part of daily life. People use them for communication, navigation, shopping, and entertainment. However, excessive smartphone use can lead to distraction, eye strain, and reduced face-to-face interaction.

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

2. Sarah put on her apron, preheated the oven, and carefully measured the flour and sugar. The kitchen soon filled with the smell of vanilla.

What can you conclude from the paragraph?

3. This brochure provides tips on how to save water at home — such as turning off the tap while brushing teeth, fixing leaking pipes, and using water-efficient appliances. Every drop counts.

What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text?

4. Mount Everest, located in the Himalayas on the border of Nepal and Tibet, stands at 8,849 meters — making it the highest peak on Earth.

What specific information is given in the sentence?

5. Reading regularly can improve vocabulary, enhance focus, and reduce stress. It also exposes readers to new ideas and perspectives, making it one of the most beneficial habits a person can develop.

What is the best main idea of the paragraph?

6. The government implemented a series of stringent measures to control the spread of the disease.

The word “stringent” is closest in meaning to…

7. The teacher handed the report to Alex and said that it needed to be corrected before the deadline.

The word “it” in the sentence refers to…

8. The professor was renowned for her profound knowledge of ancient history.

The word “profound” is closest in meaning to…

9. Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. However, rising ocean temperatures caused by climate change are leading to coral bleaching, which destroys the habitat for thousands of marine species and threatens the balance of ocean life.

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

10. The city decided to ban single-use plastics in all markets and restaurants. As a result, businesses switched to biodegradable packaging, and the amount of plastic waste in local rivers dropped significantly within one year.

What was one major effect of the ban on single-use plastics?

11. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being used in the healthcare sector. It helps doctors diagnose diseases more accurately, predict patient outcomes, and manage hospital resources. Despite its advantages, concerns remain about data privacy and the reliability of AI-generated diagnoses.

What is the main idea of the passage?

12. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being used in the healthcare sector. It helps doctors diagnose diseases more accurately, predict patient outcomes, and manage hospital resources. Despite its advantages, concerns remain about data privacy and the reliability of AI-generated diagnoses.

According to the passage, what are two concerns about AI in healthcare?

13. Urban populations are growing rapidly, putting pressure on city infrastructure. Traffic congestion, overcrowded public transportation, and insufficient housing are among the most common problems. City planners are exploring smart city solutions, but funding and implementation remain major hurdles.

What are the main challenges mentioned in addressing urban growth?

14. Urban populations are growing rapidly, putting pressure on city infrastructure. Traffic congestion, overcrowded public transportation, and insufficient housing are among the most common problems. City planners are exploring smart city solutions, but funding and implementation remain major hurdles.

Based on the text, what is one consequence of rapid urban population growth?

15. The spokesperson delivered an ambiguous statement that left the audience confused about the company’s future plans.

Choose the word closest in meaning to “ambiguous”:

16. Ocean pollution is a growing global crisis. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter the oceans each year, harming marine life and entering the food chain. Scientists warn that without urgent action, the long-term effects on ecosystems and human health could be catastrophic.

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

17. The stadium was completely packed. Fans wore matching jerseys and painted their faces. The roar of the crowd was deafening every time the home team approached the goal.

What can you infer from the paragraph?

18. The new policy was met with widespread opposition from the public, who felt it was unjust.

The word “opposition” is closest in meaning to…

19. This manual explains how to set up your new device, connect it to Wi-Fi, and troubleshoot common problems. Follow each step carefully to ensure a smooth experience.

What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?

20. When the factory upstream dumped chemicals into the river, fish populations dropped drastically. Local fishermen lost their main source of income, and the community struggled to find clean drinking water.

What was one major effect of the factory dumping chemicals into the river?

20. Sila ke-2 Pancasila ‘Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab’ memiliki implikasi luas dalam kehidupan berbangsa. Dalam dilema antara keamanan nasional (penangkapan terduga teroris tanpa bukti kuat) dan penghormatan HAM individu, manakah pendekatan yang paling sesuai dengan jiwa Sila ke-2 dan prinsip negara hukum Indonesia?

19. PT. Maju Bersama secara sistematis menolak merekrut pelamar beragama tertentu selama 3 tahun berturut-turut, terbukti melalui dokumentasi rekrutmen. Perusahaan berdalih nilai perusahaan menuntut keseragaman budaya. Tindakan hukum yang paling tepat dan efektif yang dapat ditempuh oleh korban diskriminasi adalah?

18. Terdapat perdebatan akademis tentang di mana rumusan Pancasila dinyatakan sah secara hukum. Sebagian merujuk pada Piagam Jakarta (22 Juni 1945), sebagian lain pada rumusan BPUPKI atau Pembukaan UUD 1945. Manakah pernyataan yang paling akurat secara konstitusional dan historis?

17. Pesawat ‘Seulawah RI-001’ memiliki makna simbolis penting dalam sejarah diplomasi dan kedaulatan Indonesia. Di balik kisah pembeliannya dengan sumbangan emas rakyat Aceh, terdapat nilai Bela Negara yang lebih dalam. Manakah interpretasi yang paling tepat dan komprehensif tentang makna historis peristiwa tersebut?

16. Identitas kolektif bangsa dibangun atas dasar shared history, shared values, dan shared destiny. Para pendiri bangsa memilih dasar yang inklusif melampaui kesamaan etnis atau agama. Manakah pernyataan yang paling menggambarkan tantangan terbesar dalam mempertahankan identitas kolektif bangsa Indonesia saat ini?

15. Semangat Bela Negara di era kontemporer tidak lagi terbatas pada pengertian fisik/militer, tetapi telah berkembang lebih luas. Seorang aktivis berpendapat bahwa ‘kritik tajam terhadap kebijakan pemerintah yang korup adalah bentuk Bela Negara tertinggi’. Bagaimana penilaian yang paling tepat terhadap pernyataan ini?

14. Nilai kerakyatan Sila ke-4 Pancasila memiliki karakteristik unik dibanding demokrasi liberal Barat. Dalam situasi di mana musyawarah telah dilakukan berkali-kali namun tidak mencapai mufakat dan keputusan harus segera diambil, manakah pendekatan yang paling sesuai dengan nilai kerakyatan Pancasila?

13. Berdasarkan UU No. 12 Tahun 2006, seorang WNI bekerja sebagai tentara di negara asing tanpa izin pemerintah Indonesia, mengangkat sumpah setia kepada negara asing, dan terbukti memiliki paspor negara lain secara ilegal. Konsekuensi hukum paling berat yang dihadapinya adalah?

12. Budi, seorang WNI, berencana menetap di luar negeri lebih dari 5 tahun untuk bekerja. Ia memiliki paspor berlaku 2 tahun lagi, belum punya asuransi perjalanan, dan belum melapor ke KBRI. Ditinjau dari hukum dan kewajiban WNI di luar negeri, manakah urutan tindakan yang paling tepat dan komprehensif?

11. Pasca peristiwa Rengasdengklok, perundingan berlangsung di rumah Laksamana Maeda pada malam 16 Agustus 1945. Dalam konteks taktik perjuangan kemerdekaan, mengapa Soekarno-Hatta menghubungi Nishimura terlebih dahulu sebelum mengumumkan proklamasi, alih-alih langsung melaksanakannya?

10. Negara X menganut asas ius soli murni, Negara Y menganut asas ius sanguinis murni. Pasangan WN Negara X melahirkan anak di Negara Y. Bersamaan itu, pasangan WN Negara Y melahirkan anak di Negara X. Manakah analisis yang paling tepat tentang status kewarganegaraan kedua anak tersebut?

9. Kelompok masyarakat mayoritas menolak keras pembangunan rumah ibadah minoritas, mengklaim hal itu ‘merusak keharmonisan’. Mereka memiliki surat penolakan bertanda tangan lebih dari 90% warga. Berdasarkan prinsip konstitusional dan HAM di Indonesia, bagaimana seharusnya pemerintah daerah bersikap?

8. Pembangunan karakter bangsa merupakan proses yang kompleks dan berlapis. Seorang pakar pendidikan berpendapat bahwa pendekatan top-down melalui kebijakan pemerintah saja tidak cukup tanpa internalisasi nilai dari bawah. Manakah strategi yang paling komprehensif dan berkelanjutan dalam membangun karakter bangsa?

7. Dewi lahir di Jepang dari ayah berkewarganegaraan Amerika Serikat dan ibu berkewarganegaraan Indonesia. Jepang menganut asas ius soli. Saat ini Dewi berusia 17 tahun dan tinggal di Indonesia bersama ibunya. Manakah pernyataan yang paling akurat mengenai status kewarganegaraan Dewi berdasarkan hukum Indonesia?

6. Konsep Wawasan Nusantara menyatakan kepulauan Indonesia merupakan satu kesatuan tak terpisahkan. Jika terjadi konflik antara kepentingan daerah kaya sumber daya alam dengan kebijakan redistribusi nasional yang dianggap merugikan daerah tersebut, prinsip Wawasan Nusantara manakah yang paling relevan sebagai dasar penyelesaian?

5. Identitas nasional Indonesia bersifat multidimensional dan tidak dapat direduksi hanya pada aspek fisik atau tunggal. Dalam konteks globalisasi dan arus budaya asing yang masif, manakah ancaman terbesar terhadap identitas nasional Indonesia yang bersifat struktural dan sistemik?

4. Sebuah sekolah negeri melarang penggunaan seluruh atribut keagamaan termasuk jilbab, dengan dalih menjaga netralitas institusi. Seorang siswi muslim mengajukan keberatan. Ditinjau dari perspektif HAM dan konstitusi Indonesia (Pasal 28E dan 29 UUD 1945), analisis manakah yang paling tepat secara hukum?

3. Fadhil lahir di Belanda dari ayah berkewarganegaraan Indonesia dan ibu berkewarganegaraan Belanda. Belanda menganut asas ius soli, sedangkan Indonesia menganut asas ius sanguinis. Fadhil kini berusia 20 tahun. Berdasarkan UU No. 12 Tahun 2006, bagaimana status kewarganegaraan Fadhil dan apa konsekuensi hukumnya?

2. Konstitusi suatu negara berfungsi sebagai supreme law of the land. Dalam konteks UUD 1945, apabila terdapat produk hukum di bawahnya yang secara substansial bertentangan dengan pasal-pasalnya, mekanisme manakah yang paling tepat dan konstitusional untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut?

1. Dalam sejarah pergerakan nasional Indonesia, terdapat perbedaan mendasar antara organisasi yang bersifat etnis/kedaerahan dengan yang bersifat kebangsaan nasional. Manakah pernyataan yang paling tepat menggambarkan perbedaan signifikan antara Budi Utomo (1908) dan Sumpah Pemuda (1928) dalam konteks rasa kebangsaan?

1. DOKTER : STETOSKOP = …

2. NOVEL : BAB = …

3. LAPAR : MAKAN = MENGANTUK : …

4. AIR : HAUS = MAKANAN : …

5. ASTRONOMI : BINTANG = ENTOMOLOGI : …

6. PANAS : DINGIN = TERANG : …

7. BUKU : PERPUSTAKAAN = LUKISAN : …

8. ARLOJI : PERGELANGAN TANGAN = CINCIN : …

9. PADI : GABAH = JAGUNG : …

10. SINGA : TARING = LEBAH : …

11. FILSUF : LOGIKA = SENIMAN : …

12. BUNGA : MAHKOTA = MANUSIA : …

13. EMBRIO : JANIN = KEPOMPONG : …

14. KAPAS : BENANG = BENANG : …

15. LEGISLATIF : UNDANG-UNDANG = YUDIKATIF : …

1. Pada tingkat inflasi yang tinggi, masyarakat …
(Set 1, No. 58)

2. Jumlah permintaan uang untuk tujuan spekulasi menurut John Maynard Keynes ditentukan oleh …
(Set 3, No. 54)

3. Paket kebijakan moneter dan perbankan yang mempermudah pendirian bank-bank swasta di Indonesia adalah …
(Set 4, No. 61)

4. Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (SBI) merupakan …
(Set 4, No. 65)

5. Motif spekulasi atas permintaan uang sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Keynes merupakan fungsi dari …
(Set 5, No. 52)

6. Jumlah permintaan uang untuk tujuan spekulasi menurut John Maynerd Keynes ditentukan oleh …
(Set 6, No. 58)

7. Jika bank sentral negara X menurunkan suku bunga acuan dari 7% menjadi 6% maka dampak yang terjadi adalah …
(Set 7, No. 52)

8. Pada suatu negara, jumlah uang yang beredar adalah sebanyak 100 juta rupiah, kecepatan peredaran uang sebesar 8 kali, dan jumlah barang yang diperdagangkan adalah sebesar 200 unit. Berapakah tingkat harga rata-rata barang?
(Set 7, No. 57)

9. Perpotongan antara kurva IS dan kurva LM pada daerah jebakan likuiditas (liquidity trap) menyebabkan kebijakan moneter …
(Set 8, No. 51)

10. Menurut pandangan Irving Fisher dalam teori kuantitas uang, apabila jumlah uang beredar naik 2 kali, maka dengan mengasumsikan kecepatan dan transaksi tetap akan meningkatkan harga …
(Set 8, No. 55)

1. Bagian otak yang berfungsi untuk mengendalikan keharmonisan kerja anggota tubuh adalah …

2. Kecukupan dan keseimbangan unsur berikut sebagai komposisi elektrolit dalam cairan tubuh yang penting untuk fungsi saraf adalah …

3. Bagian neuron yang berfungsi menerima impuls dari neuron lain dan meneruskannya ke badan sel adalah …

4. Urutan jalannya impuls pada gerak refleks yang benar adalah …

5. Zat kimia yang dilepaskan oleh ujung akson ke celah sinapsis untuk meneruskan impuls ke neuron berikutnya disebut …

6. Sistem saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis bekerja secara antagonis. Pengaruh sistem saraf simpatis terhadap organ jantung adalah …

7. Penghantaran impuls saraf pada serabut saraf bermielin lebih cepat dibandingkan pada serabut saraf tidak bermielin.
SEBAB
Pada serabut saraf bermielin, impuls melompat dari satu nodus Ranvier ke nodus Ranvier berikutnya sehingga disebut konduksi saltatori.

8. Kerusakan pada sumsum tulang belakang di daerah lumbar dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan pada kedua tungkai bawah.
SEBAB
Saraf yang mengatur gerak tungkai bawah keluar dari segmen lumbar dan sakral sumsum tulang belakang.

9. Bila mata seseorang secara tiba-tiba terkena cahaya berintensitas tinggi maka secara refleks mata akan mengurangi jumlah cahaya yang masuk. Bagian mata yang berperan dalam proses tersebut adalah …
1) Iris
2) Sklera
3) Pupil
4) Kornea

10. Homeostasis dalam tubuh manusia dikontrol oleh sistem …
1) Saraf
2) Peredaran darah
3) Endokrin
4) Pencernaan

11. Cerebrum (otak besar) pada manusia memiliki fungsi sebagai pusat …
1) Penglihatan dan pendengaran
2) Keseimbangan dan koordinasi gerak
3) Berpikir, berbicara, dan memori
4) Pengaturan denyut jantung dan pernapasan

1. Le Mans is … and has factories that produce automobiles, aircraft, chemicals, textiles, and tobacco products.

2. The French … Marius Petipa was responsible for building the classic ballet in Russia.

3. Shanghai … on a flat coastal plain south of the mouth of the Yangtze River, on the tidal Whangpoo River not far from the coast.

4. Acute leukemias are usually fatal within a period … to one to two years.

5. It is not certain … traffic congestion in Jakarta.

Text 1 (for Questions 6–10)

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eyes only at night. An aurora display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis, or the northern lights. A similar phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the most visible effect of the sun’s activity on the earth’s atmosphere. Most auroras occur in far northern and southern regions. They appear chiefly as arcs, clouds, and streaks. Some move, brighten, or flicker suddenly. The most common color in an aurora is green but displays that occur extremely high in the sky may be red or purple. Most auroras occur about 60 to 620 miles (97 to 1,000 kilometers) above the earth. Some extend lengthwise across the sky for thousands of miles or kilometers.

Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of electrically charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth’s magnetic field, some get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth’s magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.

Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspot increase in number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the number of solar particles that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth’s magnetic field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the polar regions toward the equator.

6. The author’s purpose in writing this text is …

Text 1 (for Questions 6–10)

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eyes only at night. An aurora display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis, or the northern lights. A similar phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the most visible effect of the sun’s activity on the earth’s atmosphere. Most auroras occur in far northern and southern regions. They appear chiefly as arcs, clouds, and streaks. Some move, brighten, or flicker suddenly. The most common color in an aurora is green but displays that occur extremely high in the sky may be red or purple. Most auroras occur about 60 to 620 miles (97 to 1,000 kilometers) above the earth. Some extend lengthwise across the sky for thousands of miles or kilometers.

Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of electrically charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth’s magnetic field, some get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth’s magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.

Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspot increase in number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the number of solar particles that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth’s magnetic field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the polar regions toward the equator.

7. The word some in line 7 refers to …

Text 1 (for Questions 6–10)

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eyes only at night. An aurora display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis, or the northern lights. A similar phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the most visible effect of the sun’s activity on the earth’s atmosphere. Most auroras occur in far northern and southern regions. They appear chiefly as arcs, clouds, and streaks. Some move, brighten, or flicker suddenly. The most common color in an aurora is green but displays that occur extremely high in the sky may be red or purple. Most auroras occur about 60 to 620 miles (97 to 1,000 kilometers) above the earth. Some extend lengthwise across the sky for thousands of miles or kilometers.

Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of electrically charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth’s magnetic field, some get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth’s magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.

Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspot increase in number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the number of solar particles that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth’s magnetic field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the polar regions toward the equator.

8. Which of the following does solar wind in line 12 mean?

Text 1 (for Questions 6–10)

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eyes only at night. An aurora display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis, or the northern lights. A similar phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the most visible effect of the sun’s activity on the earth’s atmosphere. Most auroras occur in far northern and southern regions. They appear chiefly as arcs, clouds, and streaks. Some move, brighten, or flicker suddenly. The most common color in an aurora is green but displays that occur extremely high in the sky may be red or purple. Most auroras occur about 60 to 620 miles (97 to 1,000 kilometers) above the earth. Some extend lengthwise across the sky for thousands of miles or kilometers.

Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of electrically charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth’s magnetic field, some get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth’s magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.

Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspot increase in number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the number of solar particles that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth’s magnetic field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the polar regions toward the equator.

9. What type of information is included in the third paragraph?

Text 1 (for Questions 6–10)

Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eyes only at night. An aurora display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the aurora borealis, or the northern lights. A similar phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere is called the aurora australis. Auroras are the most visible effect of the sun’s activity on the earth’s atmosphere. Most auroras occur in far northern and southern regions. They appear chiefly as arcs, clouds, and streaks. Some move, brighten, or flicker suddenly. The most common color in an aurora is green but displays that occur extremely high in the sky may be red or purple. Most auroras occur about 60 to 620 miles (97 to 1,000 kilometers) above the earth. Some extend lengthwise across the sky for thousands of miles or kilometers.

Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind, a continuous flow of electrically charged particles from the sun. When these particles reach the earth’s magnetic field, some get trapped. Many of these particles travel toward the earth’s magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.

Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle. During this phase, dark patches on the sun’s surface, called sunspot increase in number. Violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, known as solar flares, are associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by solar flares add to the number of solar particles that interact with the earth’s atmosphere. This increased interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth’s magnetic field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the polar regions toward the equator.

10. The text indicates that …

1. [Konteks Soal 1–2]

Nurma, Nia, dan Mita memiliki rambut yang panjang. Namun, setelah diukur rambut mereka memiliki panjang yang berbeda. Rambut Nia lebih panjang 7 cm daripada rambut Nurma. Nurma memiliki rambut yang lebih pendek 5 cm daripada Mita.

Urutkan anak yang memiliki rambut terpanjang sampai terpendek secara berturut-turut.

2. [Konteks Soal 1–2]

Nurma, Nia, dan Mita memiliki rambut yang panjang. Namun, setelah diukur rambut mereka memiliki panjang yang berbeda. Rambut Nia lebih panjang 7 cm daripada rambut Nurma. Nurma memiliki rambut yang lebih pendek 5 cm daripada Mita.

Jika setahun kemudian panjang rambut Mita menjadi lebih panjang 8 cm daripada sekarang, maka kira-kira berapa panjang rambut Nia setahun kemudian?

3. [Konteks Soal 3–4]

Sebuah warung makan di dekat kampus menjual beraneka ragam makanan dan minuman. Suatu siang Ardi, Ninan, Umi, dan Fani telah memesan makanan dan minuman di warung tersebut.
• Di depan Ardi ada soto ayam dan es teh, sedangkan di depan Ninan ada soto ayam dengan jus jambu.
• Umi mulai menyantap soto ayam dan sesekali menyeruput es teh yang ada di samping kirinya. Fani hanya memesan jus jambu kesukaannya.
• Fani memberikan satu lembar sepuluh ribu rupiah dan mendapat uang kembalian sebanyak empat lembar uang seribuan.
• Umi memberikan uang satu lembar sepuluh ribuan dan Ninan memberikan tiga lembar uang lima ribuan. Keduanya tidak mendapatkan kembalian.

Jika pesanan Umi, Fani, dan Ninan dibayar oleh Ardi, berapa jumlah uang yang harus diberikan kepada penjual?

4. [Konteks Soal 3–4]

Sebuah warung makan di dekat kampus menjual beraneka ragam makanan dan minuman. Suatu siang Ardi, Ninan, Umi, dan Fani telah memesan makanan dan minuman di warung tersebut.
• Di depan Ardi ada soto ayam dan es teh, sedangkan di depan Ninan ada soto ayam dengan jus jambu.
• Umi mulai menyantap soto ayam dan sesekali menyeruput es teh yang ada di samping kirinya. Fani hanya memesan jus jambu kesukaannya.
• Fani memberikan satu lembar sepuluh ribu rupiah dan mendapat uang kembalian sebanyak empat lembar uang seribuan.
• Umi memberikan uang satu lembar sepuluh ribuan dan Ninan memberikan tiga lembar uang lima ribuan. Keduanya tidak mendapatkan kembalian.

Seseorang membeli soto ayam dan jus jambu yang akan dibawa pulang. Berapa yang harus dibayar jika setiap pembungkus makanan atau minuman tersebut dihargai lima ratus rupiah?

5. [Konteks Soal 5–7]

Peringatan hari kemerdekaan dirayakan dengan penyelenggaraan lomba-lomba untuk pemuda pemudi desa, salah satunya lomba makan kerupuk. Lomba ini dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu lomba untuk anak-anak dan untuk remaja. Pemuda dan pemudi desa di antaranya Rudi, Dian, Ima, Nida, dan Dani.
• Lomba makan kerupuk kategori anak diikuti oleh anak umur antara 9–13 tahun, sedangkan kategori remaja diikuti oleh anak umur 14–16 tahun.
• Umur Rudi tiga tahun lebih muda daripada Ima dan dua tahun lebih tua daripada Nida.
• Nida berumur tiga tahun lebih tua dibandingkan Dani dan lima tahun lebih muda dibandingkan Dian. Umur Dani adalah batas minimal umur anak yang boleh mengikuti lomba makan kerupuk.
• Pemuda pemudi hanya diperbolehkan mengikuti satu jenis lomba saja.

Siapa saja yang mengikuti lomba makan kerupuk?

6. [Konteks Soal 5–7]

Peringatan hari kemerdekaan dirayakan dengan penyelenggaraan lomba-lomba untuk pemuda pemudi desa, salah satunya lomba makan kerupuk. Lomba ini dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu lomba untuk anak-anak dan untuk remaja. Pemuda dan pemudi desa di antaranya Rudi, Dian, Ima, Nida, dan Dani.
• Lomba makan kerupuk kategori anak diikuti oleh anak umur antara 9–13 tahun, sedangkan kategori remaja diikuti oleh anak umur 14–16 tahun.
• Umur Rudi tiga tahun lebih muda daripada Ima dan dua tahun lebih tua daripada Nida.
• Nida berumur tiga tahun lebih tua dibandingkan Dani dan lima tahun lebih muda dibandingkan Dian. Umur Dani adalah batas minimal umur anak yang boleh mengikuti lomba makan kerupuk.
• Pemuda pemudi hanya diperbolehkan mengikuti satu jenis lomba saja.

Siapa saja yang mengikuti lomba makan kerupuk kategori remaja?

7. [Konteks Soal 5–7]

Peringatan hari kemerdekaan dirayakan dengan penyelenggaraan lomba-lomba untuk pemuda pemudi desa, salah satunya lomba makan kerupuk. Lomba ini dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu lomba untuk anak-anak dan untuk remaja. Pemuda dan pemudi desa di antaranya Rudi, Dian, Ima, Nida, dan Dani.
• Lomba makan kerupuk kategori anak diikuti oleh anak umur antara 9–13 tahun, sedangkan kategori remaja diikuti oleh anak umur 14–16 tahun.
• Umur Rudi tiga tahun lebih muda daripada Ima dan dua tahun lebih tua daripada Nida.
• Nida berumur tiga tahun lebih tua dibandingkan Dani dan lima tahun lebih muda dibandingkan Dian. Umur Dani adalah batas minimal umur anak yang boleh mengikuti lomba makan kerupuk.
• Pemuda pemudi hanya diperbolehkan mengikuti satu jenis lomba saja.

Siapa saja yang boleh mengikuti lomba selain lomba makan kerupuk?

8. [Konteks Soal 8–10]

Ajang pemilihan Putri Indonesia diikuti oleh sebagian perempuan dengan postur yang tinggi. Calon peserta yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan akan didiskualifikasi. Lima anak perempuan yang mengikuti seleksi menjadi peserta Putri Indonesia yaitu Anggi, Ayu, Fina, Sheli, dan Dina.
• Anggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan Fina tetapi tidak lebih tinggi daripada Ayu.
• Fina lebih tinggi dibandingkan Dina tetapi tidak lebih tinggi daripada Sheli.
• Fina tidak masuk kualifikasi sebagai peserta pemilihan Putri Indonesia.

Siapa saja yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai peserta pemilihan Putri Indonesia?

9. [Konteks Soal 8–10]

Ajang pemilihan Putri Indonesia diikuti oleh sebagian perempuan dengan postur yang tinggi. Calon peserta yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan akan didiskualifikasi. Lima anak perempuan yang mengikuti seleksi menjadi peserta Putri Indonesia yaitu Anggi, Ayu, Fina, Sheli, dan Dina.
• Anggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan Fina tetapi tidak lebih tinggi daripada Ayu.
• Fina lebih tinggi dibandingkan Dina tetapi tidak lebih tinggi daripada Sheli.
• Fina tidak masuk kualifikasi sebagai peserta pemilihan Putri Indonesia.

Urutkan anak yang memiliki postur paling rendah ke yang paling tinggi secara berturut-turut!

10. [Konteks Soal 8–10]

Ajang pemilihan Putri Indonesia diikuti oleh sebagian perempuan dengan postur yang tinggi. Calon peserta yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan akan didiskualifikasi. Lima anak perempuan yang mengikuti seleksi menjadi peserta Putri Indonesia yaitu Anggi, Ayu, Fina, Sheli, dan Dina.
• Anggi lebih tinggi dibandingkan Fina tetapi tidak lebih tinggi daripada Ayu.
• Fina lebih tinggi dibandingkan Dina tetapi tidak lebih tinggi daripada Sheli.
• Fina tidak masuk kualifikasi sebagai peserta pemilihan Putri Indonesia.

Jika pemilihan Putri Indonesia hanya berdasarkan tinggi peserta, siapa yang memiliki peluang terbesar untuk menjadi Putri Indonesia?

1. Kelainan pada sistem ekskresi yang ditandai dengan tidak terbentuknya urin terjadi akibat adanya kerusakan pada …

2. Urutan tahapan pembentukan urin yang benar pada nefron ginjal adalah …

3. Reabsorpsi glukosa, asam amino, dan sebagian besar ion Na+ dari filtrat glomerulus terjadi di …

4. Hormon antidiuretik (ADH) berperan dalam proses ekskresi dengan cara …

5. Zat yang dieksresikan melalui kelenjar keringat pada kulit manusia adalah …

6. Feses merupakan zat-zat sisa metabolisme sel yang dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui proses defekasi.
SEBAB
Zat-zat sisa hasil metabolisme dikeluarkan dari tubuh dalam bentuk feses, urine, dan keringat.

7. Dalam proses osmoregulasi, ikan air tawar secara aktif mengeluarkan garam dalam tubuhnya.
SEBAB
Osmoregulasi pada ikan merupakan proses vital yang dikontrol oleh hormon hasil kelenjar pineal.

8. Adanya glukosa dalam urin (glukosuria) menunjukkan adanya gangguan pada proses reabsorpsi di ginjal.
SEBAB
Pada kondisi normal, seluruh glukosa dalam filtrat glomerulus akan direabsorpsi kembali ke dalam darah di tubulus kontortus proksimal.

9. Ikan berikut yang memiliki ginjal berukuran kecil dengan glomeruli sedikit dan proses osmoregulasinya dilakukan melalui penurunan laju filtrasi air, sehingga menghasilkan urin sedikit dan pekat adalah …
(1) Ikan tongkol
(2) Ikan mas
(3) Ikan tuna
(4) Ikan gurami

10. Organ-organ berikut yang berperan sebagai organ ekskresi pada manusia adalah …
(1) Ginjal
(2) Hati
(3) Kulit
(4) Usus besar

11. Kondisi berikut yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya anuria (tidak terbentuknya urin) adalah …
(1) Kerusakan glomerulus akibat infeksi bakteri Streptococcus
(2) Penyumbatan total pada ureter oleh batu ginjal
(3) Penurunan tekanan darah yang ekstrem akibat syok
(4) Peningkatan kadar ADH dalam darah

31. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

31. …

32. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

32. …

33. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

33. …

34. [Passage: Blood Diamonds]

Blood Diamonds, also known as “Conflict Diamonds”, are stones produced in areas controlled by rebel forces that are opposed to internationally recognized governments. The rebels sell these diamonds, and the money is used to purchase arms for their military actions. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. __31__, they are commonly stolen during shipment or seized by attacking the mining operations of legitimate producers. The stones are then smuggled into the international diamond trade and __32__ as legitimate gems. Enormous amounts of money are at stake and bribes, threats, torture, and murder are modes of operation. This is why the term “blood diamonds” is used. The United Nations and other groups are working to block the entry of conflict diamonds into the __33__ diamond trade. Their approach has been to develop a government __34__ procedure known as the Kimberly Process. This procedure requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimate mining and sales activity. All rough diamonds exported from these nations are to be accompanied by certificates. Retail customers buying a cut diamond are encouraged to insist upon a sales receipt which documents that their diamond is from a conflict free source.

34. …

35. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

According to the text, which of the following statements is FALSE?

36. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?

37. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following course?

38. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

What inference can you make about strategic flooding?

39. [Passage: Strategic Flooding]

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there’s a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Floods can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of a strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Flanders, now Zeeland Flanders.

After the waters receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by heavy rainfall or storm surges.

The tone of the author is best described as …

40. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

40. …

41. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

The italic phrase in the second paragraph means …

42. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

42. …

43. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

43. …

44. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

44. …

45. [Passage: Zaha Hadid]

Dame Zaha Hadid was the uncrowned queen of contemporary architecture. A bona fide autrice, Hadid was without a doubt the world’s most famous woman in a starchitect stratosphere __40__ by her masculine peers. During her student days in London at the Architectural Association School of Architecture, the Iraqi-British architect was intensely preoccupied with changing our general notions of space, not only in a physical sense, but also socially and culturally. Hadid’s buildings are iconic. They are characterized by their dynamic formal qualities of sinuously, curving shapes, or crystallized strata.

Hadid’s projects during the late 1970s and 1980s were marked by a profound understanding of early 20th Century avant-garde artists and architects. In an attempt to redevelop and make relevant again the formal investigations of Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, her projects expressed utopian ideals.

Today, Zaha Hadid Architects create landmarks projects for all types of functional programs. Their buildings are never bland or mundane, but moreover assertive statements of a particular view that the world __42__ indeed look different. Their efforts have resulted in a staggering almost one thousand projects throughout the globe, in every scale, from urban design schemes to objects and furniture design.

Along with her strong conceptual and historical awareness, __43__ a recurrent source of inspiration for Zaha Hadid’s architecture. It includes attention to physical contexts and landscapes, resulting in layered structures or powerful moving lines and also exploring possible interfaces between patterns and construction.

Zaha Hadid Architects embraced digital drawing early on. This has made the studio able to challenge __44__, leading us to the 21st century urban architecture.

This sentence “This sums up a kind of new Baroque, a sensuous, more vibrant and engaging type of architecture.” should be the last sentence of paragraph …